физика (страница 25)

Автор: Группа авторов

A timely publication providing coverage of radio resource management, mobility management and standardization in heterogeneous cellular networks The topic of heterogeneous cellular networks has gained momentum in industry and the research community, attracting the attention of standardization bodies such as 3GPP LTE and IEEE 802.16j, whose objectives are looking into increasing the capacity and coverage of the cellular networks. This book focuses on recent progresses, covering the related topics including scenarios of heterogeneous network deployment, interference management in the heterogeneous network deployment, carrier aggregation in a heterogeneous network, cognitive radio, cell selection/reselection and load balancing, mobility and handover management, capacity and coverage optimization for heterogeneous networks, traffic management and congestion control. This book enables readers to better understand the technical details and performance gains that are made possible by this state-of-the-art technology. It contains the information necessary for researchers and engineers wishing to build and deploy highly efficient wireless networks themselves. To enhance this practical understanding, the book is structured to systematically lead the reader through a series of case-studies of real world scenarios. Key features: Presents this new paradigm in cellular network domain: a heterogeneous network containing network nodes with different characteristics such as transmission power and RF coverage area Provides a clear approach by containing tables, illustrations, industry case studies, tutorials and examples to cover the related topics Includes new research results and state-of-the-art technological developments and implementation issues

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Автор: Helmut Satz

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Автор: Helmut Satz

Vogelschw?rme f?hren komplexe Man?ver aus ?ber uns am Himmel, Fische vollbringen ?hnliches in den Tiefen der See. Im asiatischen Dschungel zeigen Leuchtk?fer Lichtvorf?hrungen, in denen Tausende von K?fern in perfekter, synchroner Harmonie strahlen. Diese und ?hnliche Vorg?nge haben dazu gef?hrt, dass Mathematiker und Physiker sich mit Kollegen der Biologie zusammengefunden haben, um die dem Schwarmverhalten zugrunde liegende Struktur zu erforschen. Tats?chlich ist diese Struktur universell und ?hnlich der, die man in der Physik vieler wechselwirkender Teilchen findet. Das Entstehen und die Struktur eines Vogelschwarms entsprechen in vieler Hinsicht der Magnetisierung von Eisen, bei der ganz pl?tzlich die Spins der meisten Atome in die gleiche Richtung weisen. Die Synchronisierung der Leuchtk?ferstrahlung wiederum beruht auf Mechanismen, die der Lichtemission eines Lasers ?hneln. Dieses Buch beschreibt die verschiedenen Formen des Schwarmverhaltens von Tiergemeinschaften und stellt diesen dann die entsprechenden Strukturen in Physik und Informatik gegen?ber. Doch keine Angst: es wird nur einfache Mathematik ben?tigt, und auch die angef?hrte Physik und Biologie bewegt sich auf allgemeinverst?ndlichem Niveau. Erleben Sie mit, wie aus einfachen Gesetzm??igkeiten die komplexesten Ph?nomene entstehen k?nnen – ohne dass es einer zentralen Kontrollinstanz bedarf.

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Автор: Gerd Gantef?r

Die Visionen von heute konnen die Realitat von morgen sein – die Naturwissenschaften werden auch in Zukunft die Grenzen der menschlichen Erkenntnis immer weiter hinausschieben!

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Автор: Виктор Евгеньевич Громов

Modern ideas and concepts of new class of materials – metal multi-component high-entropy alloys (HEA) are outlined in the monograph. Comparative analysis of technologies of HEAs manufacturing is carried out. The overview of published works on studying the HEAs structure, phase composition and properties in different structural states in a wide range of temperatures is performed. Features of HEA deformation behavior in mono- and polycrystalline states are distinguished. Problems of stability and perspectives of HEA application are analyzed. By the example of AlCoCrFeNi, CoCrFeMnNi systems the calculation of thermodynamical parameters and prediction of phase composition of quinary HEAs are considered. The results of experimental research in structural phase states and properties of the alloy carried out by the methods of modern physical materials science, are presented. The monograph is intended for specialists in the field of physics of condensed state, physical materials science, physical metallurgy and thermal treatment and it may be helpful for post-graduate students and graduate students of relevant specialties. The Research is supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (project No. 20-19-00452).

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Автор: Astrid Wood

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Автор: Sergey Rostovtsev

The book presents an alternative view of the structure of our universe: An alternative view of gravity, solar and "relic" radiation. The book is refuted by the "Theory of the Big Bang", "dark" matter and other things, created for an ad hoc, today's physics is trying to cover up its lack of understanding of the ongoing processes.

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Автор: Sergey Rostovtsev

The book presents an alternative view of the structure of our universe:An alternative view of gravity, solar and “relic” radiation.The book is refuted by the “Theory of the Big Bang”, “dark” matter and other things, created for an ad hoc, today’s physics is trying to cover up its lack of understanding of the ongoing processes.

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Автор: Igor Kazarinov

This book will tell you how to find and effectively correct missed data in mathematics and how to apply some simple and effective exercises that will considerably save your time and nerves when studying mathematics and preparing for exams.Also it will show in details some other major pitfalls – mathematical skills which were not learned and understood by a huge number of students and this prevents them from getting correct and confident answers when solving mathematical problems and tasks.

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Автор: Mark Boyle

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Автор: Группа авторов

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Автор: David S?nchez

A comprehensive guide to the modelling and design of solid oxide fuel cell hybrid power plants This book explores all technical aspects of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid systems and proposes solutions to a range of technical problems that can arise from component integration. Following a general introduction to the state-of-the-art in SOFC hybrid systems, the authors focus on fuel cell technology, including the components required to operate with standard fuels. Micro-gas turbine (mGT) technology for hybrid systems is discussed, with special attention given to issues related to the coupling of SOFCs with mGTs. Throughout the book emphasis is placed on dynamic issues, including control systems used to avoid risk conditions. With an eye to mitigating the high costs and risks incurred with the building and use of prototype hybrid systems, the authors demonstrate a proven, economically feasible approach to obtaining important experimental results using simplified plants that simulate both generic and detailed system-level behaviour using emulators. Computational models and experimental plants are developed to support the analysis of SOFC hybrid systems, including models appropriate for design, development and performance analysis at both component and system levels. Presents models for a range of size units, technology variations, unit coupling dynamics and start-up and shutdown behaviours Focuses on SOFCs integration with mGTs in light of key constraints and risk avoidance issues under steady-state conditions and during transient operations Identifies interaction and coupling problems within the GT/SOFC environment, including exergy analysis and optimization Demonstrates an economical approach to obtaining important experimental results while avoiding high-cost components and risk conditions Presents analytical/computational and experimental tools for the efficient design and development of hardware and software systems Hybrid Systems Based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Modelling and Design is a valuable resource for researchers and practicing engineers involved in fuel cell fundamentals, design and development. It is also an excellent reference for academic researchers and advanced-level students exploring fuel cell technology.

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Автор: Andrea Vacca

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Автор: Andrea Vacca

Learn more about hydraulic technology in hydraulic systems design with this comprehensive resource   Hydraulic Fluid Power  provides readers with an original approach to hydraulic technology education that focuses on the design of complete hydraulic systems. Accomplished authors and researchers Andrea Vacca and Germano Franzoni begin by describing the foundational principles of hydraulics and the basic physical components of hydraulics systems. They go on to walk readers through the most practical and useful system concepts for controlling hydraulic functions in modern, state-of-the-art systems.  Written in an approachable and accessible style, the book’s concepts are classified, analyzed, presented, and compared on a system level. The book also provides readers with the basic and advanced tools required to understand how hydraulic circuit design affects the operation of the equipment in which it’s found, focusing on the energy performance and control features of each design architecture. Readers will also learn how to choose the best design solution for any application.  Readers of  Hydraulic Fluid Power  will benefit from:  Approaching hydraulic fluid power concepts from an “outside-in” perspective, emphasizing a problem-solving orientation Abundant numerical examples and end-of-chapter problems designed to aid the reader in learning and retaining the material A balance between academic and practical content derived from the authors’ experience in both academia and industry Strong coverage of the fundamentals of hydraulic systems, including the equations and properties of hydraulic fluids  Fluid Power Fundamentals  is perfect for undergraduate and graduate students of mechanical, agricultural, and aerospace engineering, as well as engineers designing hydraulic components, mobile machineries, or industrial systems.

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Автор: Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff

Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as “fracking,” is a technique used by the oil and gas industry to mine hydrocarbons trapped deep beneath the Earth’s surface. The principles underlying the technology are not new. Fracking was first applied at the commercial level in the United States as early as 1947, and over the decades it has been applied in various countries including Canada, the UK, and Russia. The author worked with engineering teams as early as the mid-1970s in evaluating ways to improve oil recovery from this practice. By and large fracking was not an economically competitive process and had limited applications until the early 2000s. Several factors altered the importance of this technology, among them being significant technological innovations in drilling practices with impressive high tech tools for exploration, well construction and integrity, and recovery along with discoveries of massive natural gas reserves in the United States and other parts of the world. These factors have catapulted the application of the technology to what is best described as the gold rush of the 21st century, with exploration and natural gas plays proceeding at a pace that seemingly is unrivaled by any historical industrial endeavor. But this level of activity has invoked widespread criticism from concerned citizens and environmental groups in almost every nation across the Globe. This outstanding new volume offers the industry a handbook of environmental management practices that can mitigate risks to the environment and, through best practices and current technologies, to conform to the current standards and regulations that are in place to provide the world with the energy it needs while avoiding environmental damage. For the new hire, veteran engineer, and student alike, this is a one-of-a-kind volume, a must-have for anyone working in hydraulic fracturing.

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Автор: Jun-Jie Wang

Presents a systematic and comprehensive study of hydraulic fracturing, original in its concentration of core soil problems There have been a number of well-studied cases in which dams have failed or been damaged by concentrated leaks for no apparent cause. In some of these experiences, investigators concluded that differential settlement cracks were the probable causes, even though no cracks were seen on the surface. In these examples, it was not determined whether the crack was open before the reservoir filled or whether it might have opened afterward. In several unsolved problems on the safety of the earth-rock fill dam, the problem of hydraulic fracture in the soil core of the earth-rock fill dam is one that is widely paid attention by designers and researchers. Hydraulic fracturing is generally considered as a key cause which may induce the leakage of the dam during first filling. In this extensive book, a new numerical simulate method is suggested. The method is based on the conventional two-dimensional finite element technique, and the theoretical formulations to calculate energy release rate using virtual crack extension method. The influence factors on convergence of calculated J integral are investigated. The accuracy of the calculated J integral is verified by analysing the three typical problems in Fracture Mechanics, in which propagation of crack may follow mode I, mode II and mixed mode I-II respectively. Using the new numerical method, the factors affecting the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing in the earth-rock fill dam are investigated. The investigating results indicate that increasing any of the Young’s modulus, the Poisson’s ratio and the density of the core soil is helpful to reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing. The likelihood of the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing increases with increasing the water level or the crack depth. The lower part of the dam core is the zone in which the phenomenon of hydraulic fracturing may be induced easily. As an example to analyse the ability of earth-rock fill dam to resist hydraulic fracturing, the Nuozhadu Dam located in Western China is analysed. Presents a systematic and comprehensive study of hydraulic fracturing, original in its concentration of core soil problems Focuses on the problem of hydraulic fracturing in earth-rock fill dams from three aspects; conditions and mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing, criterion of hydraulic fracturing, and numerical method on hydraulic fracturing Examines advanced laboratory soil testing, application of numerical methods and field testing/monitoring, all needed for a better understanding of hydraulic fracturing in earth/rock fill dams Provides an essential reference in an area of scarce research in this field, and the need in high earth dam construction in developing countries is pressing Ideal for researchers in Hydraulic and Geotechnical Engineering Fields; Students on Masters or PhD courses; as well as Designers and Constructors in Hydraulic and Geotechnical Engineering Fields.

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Автор: Группа авторов

The book is organized in three parts. Part I shows how the catalytic and electrochemical principles involve hydrogen production technologies. Part II is devoted to biohydrogen production and introduces gasification and fast pyrolysis biomass, dark fermentation, microbial electrolysis and power production from algae. The last part of the book is concerned with the photo hydrogen generation technologies. Recent developments in the area of semiconductor-based nanomaterials, specifically semiconductor oxides, nitrides and metal-free semiconductors based nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production are extensively discussed in this part.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Authored by 50 top academic, government and industry researchers, this handbook explores mature, evolving technologies for a clean, economically viable alternative to non-renewable energy. In so doing, it also discusses such broader topics as the environmental impact, education, safety and regulatory developments. The text is all-encompassing, covering a wide range that includes hydrogen as an energy carrier, hydrogen for storage of renewable energy, and incorporating hydrogen technologies into existing technologies.

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Автор: Jo Hermans

Wir alle kennen das: Wir konnten (vielleicht) schon mal erklaren, warum es auf der einen Seite des Berges regnet und auf der anderen nicht, wie GPS-Navigation funktioniert, oder warum ein Ei in der Mikrowelle explodiert – aber heute kriegen wir das nicht mehr uberzeugend hin. Wie schade! Und: Wie gut, dass in diesem Buch der bekannte Wissenschaftsvermittler Jo Hermans viele dieser Alltagsphanomene nun so anschaulich erklart, dass wir vergnuglich schmokern konnen und dabei vergessenes Wissen auffrischen und Neues dazulernen. Natur, Licht und Farbe, rundum das Haus… Nein, es braucht wirklich kein Physikstudium, um zu verstehen, warum Eis so glatt ist – oder Fragen zu klaren wie die, ob man wirklich im Dunkeln besser hort oder man seine Wohnung mit dem Kuhlschrank kuhlen kann. Zumal Jo Hermans alles dafur tut, uns die Lekture so abwechslungsreich wie moglich zu gestalten. Sich amusieren und gleichzeitig etwas lernen – das geht also doch! Es werden funf Themenbereiche abgedeckt: freie Natur, Fahrrad und Auto, Licht und Farbe, Rundum das Haus, Gerausch und Horen. Verruckte Flummis, tollkuhne Weinglaser: Experimentieren macht Spa?! Fur Leser, die obendrein auch noch gerne etwas ausprobieren, geizt Hermans nicht mit Vor-schlagen fur Experimente: ob Kaffeebechermusik, Lichtzerlegung mithilfe von CDs, verruckte Flummis oder tollkuhnes Weinglas. Uberraschungen garantiert und inklusive! Und die Besserwisser unter den Lesern finden zusatzliche Informationen in den eingestreuten Boxen.

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Автор: Группа авторов

IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATION Discusses the impact of AI on organizational transformation which is a mix of computational techniques and management practices, with in-depth analysis about the role of automation & data management, and strategic management in relation to human capital, procurement & production, finance, and marketing. The impact of AI in restructuring organizational processes is a combination of management practices and computational technology. This book covers the areas like artificial intelligence & its impact on professions, as well as machine learning algorithms and technologies. The context of applications of AI in business process innovation primarily includes new business models, AI readiness and maturity at the organizational, technological, financial, and cultural levels. The book has extensive details on machine learning and the applications such as robotics, blockchain, Internet of Things. Also discussed are the influence of AI on financial strategies and policies, human skills & values, procurement innovation, production innovation, AI in marketing & sales platforms. Audience Readers include those working in artificial intelligence, business management studies, technology engineers, senior executives, and human resource managers in all types of business.

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Автор: Группа авторов

An up-to-date overview of current progress in improving crop quality and quantity using modern methods. With a particular emphasis on genetic engineering, this text focusses on crop improvement under adverse conditions, paying special attention to such staple crops as rice, maize, and pulses. It includes an excellent mix of specific examples, such as the creation of nutritionally-fortified rice and a discussion of the political and economic implications of genetically engineered food. The result is a must-have hands-on guide, ideally suited for the biotech and agro industries.

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Автор: Lilly Lassings

Eine Freundin kennt da jemand, und so ger?t sie auf eine Party im pr?chtigen Garten einer gro?en Villa. Dieser Herr scheint der Besitzer zu sein – und er l?dt sie gern zu einer Besichtigung ein. Drau?en feiern noch alle – und drinnen h?lt er sein dominantes Auftreten nicht mehr zur?ck.

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Автор: Brian S. Hilbush

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Автор: Группа авторов

Indoor photovoltaics (IPV) is the most promising power source for indoor electronic devices, especially sensor devices and edge nodes for the Internet of Things, and it will gain considerable interest due to the development of the field. This field of photovoltaics differs to other fields due to irradiance and spectral distribution conditions as well as the (close to) energy autarkic field conditions. The book provides the engineer and researcher with guidelines, provides a comprehensive overview over theoretical models, efficiencies, application design, and first available products.

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Автор: Walter Wiedenmannott

Wasser ist ein wichtiger Rohstoff fur viele Industriezweige. Eine stabile und kontrollierte Wasserqualitat ist eine entscheidende Voraussetzung fur die Herstellung von Pharmazeutika, Medizinprodukten, Nahrungsmitteln und Kosmetika. Dieses Praxishandbuch fur Anwender im Betrieb gibt einen Uberblick uber die relevanten Daten, Fakten und Bestimmungen fur den Umgang mit Wasser in der industriellen Produktion, von der Auslegung der Komponenten bis zur Inbetriebnahme, einschlie?lich der Zertifizierung und Uberwachung der Anlagen im laufenden Betrieb. Nach einer allgemeinen Einfuhrung in die Grundlagen der Wasserchemie und Wassertechnologie stellt der Autor die im industriellen Umfeld ublichen Verfahren und Anlagen zur Wasseraufbereitung vor, von der mechanischen uber die thermische bis hin zur chemischen Aufbereitung. Eingehend werden die besonderen Qualitatsanforderungen und Verfahren fur hochreine Wasser wie Kesselspeisewasser und Pharmawasser beschrieben. Der letzte Teil des Buches widmet sich der Kontrolle und Vermeidung von mikrobiellen Verunreinigungen, die fur viele Anwendungen das gro?te Problem fur die Wasserqualitat darstellen.

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Автор: Matt Spielman

Discover your purpose with the Game Plan System In Inflection Points: How to Work and Live with Purpose , renowned executive coach and speaker Matt Spielman delivers an energizing and hands-on existential navigational tool that walks you through how to identify what really matters in life and how to achieve it. Using a powerful life transformation system called the “Game Plan System”—or GPS —you will simply use the answers to straightforward questions to reorient your perspective and refocus your efforts on realizing happiness and fulfilment. In the book, you will also learn to: Create a powerful new roadmap to achieve what truly matters to you and move aside what may be getting in the way Celebrate your wins and effectively process your setbacks Discover and consider the value of coaching in your personal and professional lifeThe perfect book for anyone hoping to move through life with confident and renewed purpose and vigor, Inflection Points is an expertly crafted and powerful collection of strategies to act with more intentionality, help yourself and others, and realize your goals and achieve greater fulfillment.

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Автор: Klaus-Peter M?llmann

This new up-to-date edition of the successful handbook and ready reference retains the proven concept of the first, covering basic and advanced methods and applications in infrared imaging from two leading expert authors in the field. All chapters have been completely revised and expanded and a new chapter has been added to reflect recent developments in the field and report on the progress made within the last decade. In addition there is now an even stronger focus on real-life examples, with 20% more case studies taken from science and industry. For ease of comprehension the text is backed by more than 590 images which include graphic visualizations and more than 300 infrared thermography figures. The latter include many new ones depicting, for example, spectacular views of phenomena in nature, sports, and daily life.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Reliable and detailed information about the Earth’s subsurface is of crucial importance throughout the geosciences. Quantitative integration of all available geophysical and geological data helps to make Earth models more robust and reliable. The aim of this book is to summarize and synthesize the growing literature on combining various types of geophysical and other geoscientific data. The approaches that have been developed to date encompass joint inversion, cooperative inversion, and statistical post-inversion analysis methods, each with different benefits and assumptions. Starting with the foundations of inverse theory, this book systematically describes the mathematical and theoretical aspects of how to best integrate different geophysical datasets with geological prior understanding and other complimentary data. This foundational basis is followed by chapters that demonstrate the diverse range of applications for which integrated methods have been used to date. These range from imaging the hydrogeological properties of the near-surface to natural resource exploration and probing the composition of the lithosphere and the deep Earth. Each chapter is written by leading experts in the field, which makes this book the definitive reference on integrated imaging of the Earth. Highlights of this volume include: Complete coverage of the theoretical foundations of integrated imaging approaches from inverse theory to different coupling methods and quantitative evaluation of the resulting models Comprehensive overview of current applications of integrated imaging including hydrological investigations, natural resource exploration, and imaging the deep Earth Detailed case studies of integrated approaches providing valuable guidance for both experienced users and researchers new to joint inversion. This volume will be a valuable resource for graduate students, academics, industry practitioners, and researchers who are interested in using or developing integrated imaging approaches.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Written by well-known experts in the field, this first systematic overview of multiferroic heterostructures summarizes the latest developments, first presenting the fundamental mechanisms, including multiferroic materials synthesis, structures and mechanisms, before going on to look at device applications. The resulting text offers insight and understanding for scientists and students new to this area.

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Автор: Arturo Losi

The concept of Demand Response (DR) generally concerns methodologies, technologies and commercial arrangements that could allow active participation of consumers in the power system operation. The primary aim of DR is thus to overcome the “traditional” inflexibility of electrical demand and, amongst others, create a new powerful tool to maximize deployment of renewable energy sources as well as provide active network management solutions to help reducing the impact of limited grid capabilities. DR allows consumers to actively participate in power system operation, thus bringing new opportunities in emerging energy markets as well as tangible system benefits. In this sense, DR is considered one of the key enablers of the Smart Grid concept. However, DR also poses a number of challenges, particularly when “active demand” is connected to the Low Voltage network, thus affecting all the actors involved in the electricity chain. This book presents for the first time a comprehensive view on technical methodologies and architectures, commercial arrangements, and socio-economic and regulatory factors that could facilitate the uptake of DR. The work is developed in a systematic way so as to create a comprehensive picture of challenges, benefits and opportunities involved with DR. The reader will thus be provided with a clear understanding of the complexity deriving from a demand becoming active, as well as with a quantitative assessment of the techno-economic value of the proposed solutions in a Smart Grid context. Many research contributions have appeared in recent years in the field of DR, both in journals and conference proceedings. However, most publications focus on individual aspects of the problem. A systematic treatment of the issues to be tackled to introduce DR in existing electricity grids, involving the extended value chain in terms of technical and commercial aspects, is still missing. Also, several books have recently been published about Smart Grid, in which there is some mention to DR. However, again while DR is seen as a key pillar for the Smart Grid, there is no dedicated, comprehensive and systematic contribution in this respect.

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Автор: Группа авторов

This book starts with an overview of renewable energy technologies, smart grid technologies, energy storage systems, and covers the details of renewable energy integration with smart grid and the corresponding controls. This book provides better views on power scenario in developing countries. The requirement of the integration of smart grid along with the energy storage systems are deeply discussed to acknowledge the importance of sustainable development of smart city. The methodologies are made quite possible with the high-efficient power convertor topologies and intelligent control schemes. These control schemes are capable to provide better control with the help of machine intelligence techniques and artificial intelligence. The book also addresses the modern power convertor topologies and the corresponding control schemes for renewable energy integration with smart grid. The design and analysis of power converters that are used for grid integration of solar PV along with simulation and experimental results are illustrated. The protection aspects of the microgrid with power electronic configurations for wind energy systems are elucidated.

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Автор: Группа авторов

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Автор: Allan T. Kirkpatrick

A comprehensive resource covering the foundational thermal-fluid sciences and engineering analysis techniques used to design and develop internal combustion engines   Internal Combustion Engines: Applied Thermosciences, Fourth Edition  combines foundational thermal-fluid sciences with engineering analysis techniques for modeling and predicting the performance of internal combustion engines.  This new 4th edition includes brand new material on:  New engine technologies and concepts Effects of engine speed on performance and emissions Fluid mechanics of intake and exhaust flow in engines Turbocharger and supercharger performance analysis Chemical kinetic modeling, reaction mechanisms, and emissions Advanced combustion processes including low temperature combustion Piston, ring and journal bearing friction analysis The  4th Edition  expands on the combined analytical and numerical approaches used successfully in previous editions. Students and engineers are provided with several new tools for applying the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer to internal combustion engines.  Each chapter includes MATLAB programs and examples showing how to perform detailed engineering computations. The chapters also have an increased number of homework problems with which the reader can gauge their progress and retention. All the software is ‘open source’ so that readers can see in detail how computational analysis and the design of engines is performed. A companion website is also provided, offering access to the MATLAB computer programs.

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Автор: Oleg Wasynczuk

An introduction to the analysis of electric machines, power electronic circuits, electric drive performance, and power systems This book provides students with the basic physical concepts and analysis tools needed for subsequent coursework in electric power and drive systems with a focus on Tesla’s rotating magnetic field. Organized in a flexible format, it allows instructors to select material as needed to fit their school’s power program. The first chapter covers the fundamental concepts and analytical methods that are common to power and electric drive systems. The subsequent chapters offer introductory analyses specific to electric machines, power electronic circuits, drive system performance and simulation, and power systems. In addition, this book: Provides students with an analytical base on which to build in advanced follow-on courses Examines fundamental power conversions (dc-dc, ac-dc and dc-ac), harmonics, and distortion Describes the dynamic computer simulation of a brushless dc drive to illustrate its performance with both a sinusoidal inverter voltage approximation and more realistic stator six-step drive applied voltages Includes in-chapter short problems, numerous worked examples, and end-of-chapter problems to help readers review and more fully understand each topic

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Автор: Bernard Dieny

Magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) is poised to replace traditional computer memory based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS). MRAM will surpass all other types of memory devices in terms of nonvolatility, low energy dissipation, fast switching speed, radiation hardness, and durability. Although toggle-MRAM is currently a commercial product, it is clear that future developments in MRAM will be based on spin-transfer torque, which makes use of electrons’ spin angular momentum instead of their charge. MRAM will require an amalgamation of magnetics and microelectronics technologies. However, researchers and developers in magnetics and in microelectronics attend different technical conferences, publish in different journals, use different tools, and have different backgrounds in condensed-matter physics, electrical engineering, and materials science. This book is an introduction to MRAM for microelectronics engineers written by specialists in magnetic materials and devices. It presents the basic phenomena involved in MRAM, the materials and film stacks being used, the basic principles of the various types of MRAM (toggle and spin-transfer torque; magnetized in-plane or perpendicular-to-plane), the back-end magnetic technology, and recent developments toward logic-in-memory architectures. It helps bridge the cultural gap between the microelectronics and magnetics communities.

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Автор: Ronald J. Anderson

An in-depth introduction to the foundations of vibrations for students of mechanical engineering For students pursuing their education in Mechanical Engineering, An Introduction to Mechanical Vibrations is a definitive resource. The text extensively covers foundational knowledge in the field and uses it to lead up to and include: finite elements, the inerter, Discrete Fourier Transforms, flow-induced vibrations, and self-excited oscillations in rail vehicles. The text aims to accomplish two things in a single, introductory, semester-length, course in vibrations. The primary goal is to present the basics of vibrations in a manner that promotes understanding and interest while building a foundation of knowledge in the field. The secondary goal is to give students a good understanding of two topics that are ubiquitous in today's engineering workplace – finite element analysis (FEA) and Discrete Fourier Transforms (the DFT- most often seen in the form of the Fast Fourier Transform or FFT). FEA and FFT software tools are readily available to both students and practicing engineers and they need to be used with understanding and a degree of caution. While these two subjects fit nicely into vibrations, this book presents them in a way that emphasizes understanding of the underlying principles so that students are aware of both the power and the limitations of the methods. In addition to covering all the topics that make up an introductory knowledge of vibrations, the book includes: ● End of chapter exercises to help students review key topics and definitions ● Access to sample data files, software, and animations via a dedicated website

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Автор: Vladimir I. Nekorkin

A systematic outline of the basic theory of oscillations, combining several tools in a single textbook. The author explains fundamental ideas and methods, while equally aiming to teach students the techniques of solving specific (practical) or more complex problems. Following an introduction to fundamental notions and concepts of modern nonlinear dynamics, the text goes on to set out the basics of stability theory, as well as bifurcation theory in one and two-dimensional cases. Foundations of asymptotic methods and the theory of relaxation oscillations are presented, with much attention paid to a method of mappings and its applications. With each chapter including exercises and solutions, including computer problems, this book can be used in courses on oscillation theory for physics and engineering students. It also serves as a good reference for students and scientists in computational neuroscience.

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Автор: Lawrence N. Dworsky

Readers are guided step by step through numerous specific problems and challenges, covering all aspects of electrostatics with an emphasis on numerical procedures. The author focuses on practical examples, derives mathematical equations, and addresses common issues with algorithms. Introduction to Numerical Electrostatics contains problem sets, an accompanying web site with simulations, and a complete list of computer codes. Computer source code listings on accompanying web site Problem sets included with book Readers using MATLAB or other simulation packages will gain insight as to the inner workings of these packages, and how to account for their limitations Example computer code is provided in MATLAB Solutions Manual The first book of its kind uniquely devoted to the field of computational electrostatics

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Автор: H. John Pain

Based on the successful multi-edition book “The Physics of Vibrations and Waves” by John Pain, the authors carry over the simplicity and logic of the approach taken in the original first edition with its focus on the patterns underlying and connecting so many aspects of physical behavior, whilst bringing the subject up-to-date so it is relevant to teaching in the 21st century. The transmission of energy by wave propagation is a key concept that has applications in almost every branch of physics with transmitting mediums essentially acting as a continuum of coupled oscillators. The characterization of these simple oscillators in terms of three parameters related to the storage, exchange, and dissipation of energy forms the basis of this book. The text moves naturally on from a discussion of basic concepts such as damped oscillations, diffraction and interference to more advanced topics such as transmission lines and attenuation, wave guides, diffusion, Fourier series, and electromagnetic waves in dielectrics and conductors. Throughout the text the emphasis on the underlying principles helps readers to develop their physics insight as an aid to problem solving. This book provides undergraduate students of physics and engineering with the mathematical tools required for full mastery of the concepts. With worked examples presented throughout the text, as well as the Problem sets concluding each chapter, this textbook will enable students to develop their skills and measure their understanding of each topic step-by-step. A companion website is also available, which includes solutions to chapter problems and PowerPoint slides. Review of “The Physics of Vibrations and Waves 6e“ This is an excellent textbook, full of interesting material clearly explained and fully worthy of being studied by future contributors …" Journal of Sound and Vibration

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Автор: Dae Mann Kim

This introductory textbook covers fundamental quantum mechanics from an application perspective, considering optoelectronic devices, biological sensors and molecular imagers as well as solar cells and field effect transistors. The book provides a brief review of classical and statistical mechanics and electromagnetism, and then turns to the quantum treatment of atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds. Aiming at senior undergraduate and graduate students in nanotechnology related areas like physics, materials science, and engineering, the book could be used at schools that offer interdisciplinary but focused training for future workers in the semiconductor industry and for the increasing number of related nanotechnology firms, and even practicing people could use it when they need to learn related concepts. The author is Professor Dae Mann Kim from the Korea Institute for Advanced Study who has been teaching Quantum Mechanics to engineering, material science and physics students for over 25 years in USA and Asia.

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Автор: Группа авторов

This monograph is the outcome of an American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on longitude and hemispheric dependence of ionospheric space weather, including the impact of waves propagating from the lower atmosphere. The Chapman Conference was held in Africa as a means of focusing attention on an extensive geographic region where observations are critically needed to address some of the fundamental questions of the physical processes driving the ionosphere locally and globally. The compilation of papers from the conference describes the physics of this system and the mechanisms that control ionospheric space weather in a combination of tutorial-like and focused articles that will be of value to the upper atmosphere scientific community in general and to ongoing global magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (MIT) modeling efforts in particular. A number of articles from each science theme describe details of the physics behind each phenomenon that help to solve the complexity of the MIT system. Because this volume is an outcome of the research presented at this first space science Chapman Conference held in Africa, it has further provided an opportunity for African scientists to communicate their research results with the international community. In addition, the meeting and this conference volume will greatly enhance the space science education and research interest in the African continent and around the world. Ionospheric Space Weather includes articles from six science themes that were discussed at the Chapman Conference in 2012. These include: Hemispherical dependence of magnetospheric energy injection and the thermosphere-ionosphere response Longitude and hemispheric dependence of storm-enhanced densities (SED) Response of the thermosphere and ionosphere to variability in solar radiation Longitude spatial structure in total electron content and electrodynamics Temporal response to lower-atmosphere disturbances Ionospheric irregularities and scintillation Ionospheric Space Weather: Longitude Dependence and Lower Atmosphere Forcing will be useful to both active researchers and advanced graduate students in the field of physics, geophysics, and engineering, especially those who are keen to acquire a global understanding of ionospheric phenomena, including observational information from all longitude sectors across the globe.

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Автор: ИВВ

IQC-код – уникальная формула для декодирования квантовых кодов. Представляет собой комбинацию количества вращений (П), дополнительных кубитов (K) и параметров кодирования (P). Формула позволяет повысить эффективность декодирования и минимизировать потери информации путем оптимального использования вращений и дополнительных кубитов, IQC-код обеспечивает защиту и сохранение квантовой информации. Эта формула имеет многообещающие перспективы в различных областях технологий.

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Автор: Malcolm Clark

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Автор: William M. White

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry. Beginning with a brief overview of nuclear physics and nuclear origins, it then reviews radioactive decay schemes and their use in geochronology. A following chapter covers the closely related techniques such as fission-track and carbon-14 dating. Subsequent chapters cover nucleosynthetic anomalies in meteorites and early solar system chronology and the use of radiogenic isotopes in understanding the evolution of the Earth’s mantle, crust, and oceans. Attention then turns to stable isotopes and after reviewing the basic principles involved, the book explores their use in topics as diverse as mantle evolution, archeology and paleontology, ore formation, and, particularly, paleoclimatology. A following chapter explores recent developments including unconventional stable isotopes, mass-independent fractionation, and isotopic ‘clumping’. The final chapter reviews the isotopic variation in the noble gases, which result from both radioactive decay and chemical fractionations.

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Автор: Barbara Weltman

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Автор: Kevin Hayes

Исполнители: Florian Clyde

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Автор: Шарлотта Бронте

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Автор: Werner Dubitzky

Complex systems modeling and simulation approaches are being adopted in a growing number of sectors, including finance, economics, biology, astronomy, and many more. Technologies ranging from distributed computing to specialized hardware are explored and developed to address the computational requirements arising in complex systems simulations. The aim of this book is to present a representative overview of contemporary large-scale computing technologies in the context of complex systems simulations applications. The intention is to identify new research directions in this field and to provide a communications platform facilitating an exchange of concepts, ideas and needs between the scientists and technologist and complex system modelers. On the application side, the book focuses on modeling and simulation of natural and man-made complex systems. On the computing technology side, emphasis is placed on the distributed computing approaches, but supercomputing and other novel technologies are also considered.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Promoting the design, application and evaluation of visually and electrically effective LED light sources and luminaires for general indoor lighting as well as outdoor and vehicle lighting, this book combines the knowledge of LED lighting technology with human perceptual aspects for lighting scientists and engineers. After an introduction to the human visual system and current radiometry, photometry and color science, the basics of LED chip and phosphor technology are described followed by specific issues of LED radiometry and the optical, thermal and electric modeling of LEDs. This is supplemented by the relevant practical issues of pulsed LEDs, remote phosphor LEDs and the aging of LED light sources. Relevant human visual aspects closely related to LED technology are described in detail for the photopic and the mesopic range of vision, including color rendering, binning, whiteness, Circadian issues, as well as flicker perception, brightness, visual performance, conspicuity and disability glare. The topic of LED luminaires is discussed in a separate chapter, including retrofit LED lamps, LED-based road and street luminaires and LED luminaires for museum and school lighting. Specific sections are devoted to the modularity of LED luminaires, their aging and the planning and evaluation methods of new LED installations. The whole is rounded off by a summary and a look towards future developments.

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Автор: Rem Wоrd

Not constant speed of light, concentration of energy, morphogenetic fields, connection of times in theory and practical experiment – you will find it here. Biology, history and psychology are linked by physical laws into a single whole. Do you want to know the rules of the universe? Classical science and unverified but interesting observations. Transmutation of elements and the principle of operation of a natural Time Machine. Relativity theory and unsupported motion. Open this book…

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Автор: Nicholas Sakellariou

Energy and sustainability are two of the most important and often most misunderstood subjects in our world today. As these two subjects have grown in importance over the last few decades, interest in the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model has grown as well, as a potentially crucial tool in understanding and striving towards sustainability in energy systems. Not just wind and solar systems, but all energy systems, need to be understood through this model. Wind and solar power have the potential to decentralize the U.S. energy system by offering local communities electricity and economic support, depending on the scale and design of projects. Nevertheless, every energy technology potentially faces environmental costs, lay and expert opposition, and risks to public health. Engineers play a central role as designers, builders, and operators in energy systems. As they extend their expertise into electrical, mechanical and chemical fields, from fossil fuel-based systems to renewable energy systems, “sustainability” is steadily becoming one of the key criteria engineers apply in their work. This groundbreaking new study argues that engineering cultures foster sustainability by adopting assumptions and problem-solving practices as part of their identities when designing and building engineering projects. This work examines the politics of creating, utilizing, and modifying Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in the construction of renewable energy systems. The only volume of its kind ever written, it is a must-have for any engineer, scientist, manager, or other professional working in or interested in Life Cycle Assessment and its relation to energy systems and impact on environmental and economic sustainability.

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