материаловедение (страница 8)

Автор: Группа авторов

The latest volume in the Advanced Biotechnology series provides an overview of the main product classes and platform chemicals produced by biotechnological processes today, with applications in the food, healthcare and fine chemical industries. Alongside the production of drugs and flavors as well as amino acids, bio-based monomers and polymers and biofuels, basic insights are also given as to the biotechnological processes yielding such products and how large-scale production may be enabled and improved. Of interest to biotechnologists, bio and chemical engineers, as well as those working in the biotechnological, chemical, and food industries.

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Автор: Jens Hagen

Now in it's 3rd Edition, Industrial Catalysis offers all relevant information on catalytic processes in industry, including many recent examples. Perfectly suited for self-study, it is the ideal companion for scientists who want to get into the field or refresh existing knowledge. The updated edition covers the full range of industrial aspects, from catalyst development and testing to process examples and catalyst recycling. The book is characterized by its practical relevance, expressed by a selection of over 40 examples of catalytic processes in industry. In addition, new chapters on catalytic processes with renewable materials and polymerization catalysis have been included. Existing chapters have been carefully revised and supported by new subchapters, for example, on metathesis reactions, refinery processes, petrochemistry and new reactor concepts. «I found the book accesible, readable and interesting – both as a refresher and as an introduction to new topics – and a convenient first reference on current industrial catalytic practise and processes.» Excerpt from a book review for the second edition by P. C. H. Mitchell, Applied Organometallic Chemistry (2007)

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Автор: Galit Shmueli

Provides an important framework for data analysts in assessing the quality of data and its potential to provide meaningful insights through analysis Analytics and statistical analysis have become pervasive topics, mainly due to the growing availability of data and analytic tools. Technology, however, fails to deliver insights with added value if the quality of the information it generates is not assured. Information Quality (InfoQ) is a tool developed by the authors to assess the potential of a dataset to achieve a goal of interest, using data analysis. Whether the information quality of a dataset is sufficient is of practical importance at many stages of the data analytics journey, from the pre-data collection stage to the post-data collection and post-analysis stages. It is also critical to various stakeholders: data collection agencies, analysts, data scientists, and management. This book: Explains how to integrate the notions of goal, data, analysis and utility that are the main building blocks of data analysis within any domain. Presents a framework for integrating domain knowledge with data analysis. Provides a combination of both methodological and practical aspects of data analysis. Discusses issues surrounding the implementation and integration of InfoQ in both academic programmes and business / industrial projects. Showcases numerous case studies in a variety of application areas such as education, healthcare, official statistics, risk management and marketing surveys. Presents a review of software tools from the InfoQ perspective along with example datasets on an accompanying website. This book will be beneficial for researchers in academia and in industry, analysts, consultants, and agencies that collect and analyse data as well as undergraduate and postgraduate courses involving data analysis.

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Автор: Werner Seim

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Автор: Группа авторов

Contains collection of papers from the below symposia held during the 10th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology (PacRim10), June 2-7, 2013, in Coronado, California 2012: Novel, Green, and Strategic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies Polymer Derived Ceramics and Composites Advanced Powder Processing and Manufacturing Technologies Synthesis and Processing of Materials Using Electric Fields/Currents

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Автор: Группа авторов

With continued discoveries and innovations, the field of materials synthesis and processing remains as it has been for many decades, a vibrant and fertile area for research and development. It comes, therefore, as no surprise that every Pac Rim conference has had considerable emphasis on this topic with many symposia devoted to various aspects of this field. This Ceramic Transactions volume represents selected papers based on presentations in four symposia during the 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology, held in Vancouver, British Columbia, May 31-June 5, 2009.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Comprehensively covering inorganic flexible optoelectronics and their applications This highly application-oriented book provides an overview of the vibrant research field of inorganic flexible optoelectronics ? from materials to applications ? covering bulk materials as well as nanowires, thin films, nanomembranes for application in light emitting diodes, photodetectors, phototransistors, and solar cells. Edited and written by world-leading experts in the field, Inorganic Flexible Optoelectronics: Materials and Applications begins by covering flexible inorganic light emitting diodes enabled by new materials and designs, and provides examples of their use in neuroscience research. It then looks at flexible light-emitting diodes based on inorganic semiconductor nanostructures ? from thin films to nanowires. Next, the book examines flexible photodetectors with nanomembranes and nanowires; 2-D material based photodetectors on flexible substrates; and IV group materials based solar cells and their flexible photovoltaic technologies. Following that, it presents readers with a section on thin-film III-V single junction and multijunction solar cells and demonstrates their integration onto heterogeneous substrates. Finally, the book finishes with in-depth coverage of novel materials based flexible solar cells. -A must-have book that provides an unprecedented overview of the state of the art in flexible optoelectronics -Supplies in-depth information for new and already active researchers in the field of optoelectronics -Lays down the undiluted knowledge on inorganic flexible optoelectronics ? from materials to devices -Focuses on materials and devices for high-performance applications such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and photodetectors Inorganic Flexible Optoelectronics: Materials and Applications appeals to materials scientists, electronics engineers, electrical engineers, inorganic chemists, and solid state physicists.

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Автор: Helen Lingard

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Автор: Badr Benmammar

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Автор: Suchitra Shenoy-Packer

Written for students studying intercultural communication for the first time, this textbook gives a thorough introduction to inter- and cross-cultural concepts with a focus on practical application and social action. Provides a thorough introduction to inter- and cross-cultural concepts for beginning students with a focus on practical application and social action Defines “communication” broadly using authors from a variety of sub disciplines and incorporating scientific, humanistic, and critical theory Constructs a complex version of culture using examples from around the world that represent a variety of differences, including age, sex, race, religion, and sexual orientation Promotes civic engagement with cues toward individual intercultural effectiveness and giving back to the community in socially relevant ways Weaves pedagogy throughout the text with student-centered examples, text boxes, applications, critical thinking questions, a glossary of key terms, and online resources for students and instructors Online resources for students and instructors available upon publication at www.wiley.com/go/baldwin

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Автор: Longbiao Li

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Автор: Longbiao Li

The book «Interfaces of Ceramic-Matrix Composites» demonstrates the definition, function and type of the interface of ceramic-matrix composites and gives comprehensive investigations on the interface design, interface characterization, interface assessment, and interface damage law of both C/SiC and SiC/SiC ceramic-matrix composites subjected to tensile and fatigue loading at different testing conditions. Thereby, it helps material designers and engineers to better design ceramic-matrix composite components for applications.

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Автор: Wolfgang Neumann

This new textbook provides for the first time a comprehensive treatment of the basics of contemporary crystallography and crystal growth in a single volume. The reader will be familiarized with the concepts for the description of morphological and structural symmetry of crystals. The architecture of crystal structures of selected inorganic and molecular crystals is illustrated. The main crystallographic databases as data sources of crystal structures are described. Nucleation processes, their kinetics and main growth mechanism will be introduced in fundamentals of crystal growth. Some phase diagrams in the solid and liquid phases in correlation with the segregation of dopants are treated on a macro- and microscale. Fluid dynamic aspects with different types of convection in melts and solutions are discussed. Various growth techniques for semiconducting materials in connection with the use of external field (magnetic fields and microgravity) are described. Crystal characterization as the overall assessment of the grown crystal is treated in detail with respect to – crystal defects – crystal quality – field of application Introduction to Crystal Growth and Characterization is an ideal textbook written in a form readily accessible to undergraduate and graduate students of crystallography, physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering. It is also a valuable resource for all scientists concerned with crystal growth and materials engineering.

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Автор: Harry R. Allcock

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Автор: Andrew Thye Shen Wee

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Автор: Dae Mann Kim

This introductory textbook covers fundamental quantum mechanics from an application perspective, considering optoelectronic devices, biological sensors and molecular imagers as well as solar cells and field effect transistors. The book provides a brief review of classical and statistical mechanics and electromagnetism, and then turns to the quantum treatment of atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds. Aiming at senior undergraduate and graduate students in nanotechnology related areas like physics, materials science, and engineering, the book could be used at schools that offer interdisciplinary but focused training for future workers in the semiconductor industry and for the increasing number of related nanotechnology firms, and even practicing people could use it when they need to learn related concepts. The author is Professor Dae Mann Kim from the Korea Institute for Advanced Study who has been teaching Quantum Mechanics to engineering, material science and physics students for over 25 years in USA and Asia.

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Автор: Barry H. Cohen

A comprehensive and user-friendly introduction to statistics for behavioral science students—revised and updated Refined over seven editions by master teachers, this book gives instructors and students alike clear examples and carefully crafted exercises to support the teaching and learning of statistics for both manipulating and consuming data. One of the most popular and respected statistics texts in the behavioral sciences, the Seventh Edition of Introductory Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences has been fully revised. The new edition presents all the topics students in the behavioral sciences need in a uniquely accessible and easy-to-understand format, aiding in the comprehension and implementation of the statistical analyses most commonly used in the behavioral sciences. The Seventh Edition features: A continuous narrative that clearly explains statistics while tracking a common data set throughout, making the concepts unintimidating and memorable, and providing a framework that connects all of the topics and allows for easy comparison of different statistical analyses Coverage of important aspects of research design throughout the text, such as the «correlation is not causality» principle Updated and annotated SPSS output at the end of each chapter with step-by-step instructions Updated examples and exercises An expanded website, at www.wiley.com/go/welkowitz, with test bank, chapter quizzes, and PowerPoint slides for instructors, as well as a second website for students with additional basic math coverage, math review exercises, a study guide, a set of additional SPSS exercises, and more downloadable data sets

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Автор: Группа авторов

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Автор: Группа авторов

The Journal of Prosthodontics has been the official publication of the American College of Prosthodontics for more than 20 years. In excess of 1,000 peer-reviewed articles on a wide variety of subjects are now in print, representing a treasure chest of history and valuable information on a myriad of topics of interest to the specialty of prosthodontics. Journal of Prosthodontics on Dental Implants is a “best of” compilation of the journal’s articles from a number of years, focusing exclusively on the multiple applications of osseointegrated implants: for the management of the partially edentulous patient, management of the completely edentulous patient, and management of patients with maxillofacial defects. Sections also relate to in-vitro studies and general considerations to round out the readership selections. Whether you’re a subscriber who’s looking for implant articles in one convenient collection or a clinician with a focus on implant dentistry looking to improve your knowledge base, Journal of Prosthodontics on Dental Implants is a must-have for your personal library.

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Автор: Wei Wang

With a pioneering methodology, the book covers the fundamental aspects of kinematic analysis and synthesis of linkage, and provides a theoretical foundation for engineers and researchers in mechanisms design. • The first book to propose a complete curvature theory for planar, spherical and spatial motion • Treatment of the synthesis of linkages with a novel approach • Well-structured format with chapters introducing clearly distinguishable concepts following in a logical sequence dealing with planar, spherical and spatial motion • Presents a pioneering methodology by a recognized expert in the field and brought up to date with the latest research and findings • Fundamental theory and application examples are supplied fully illustrated throughout

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Автор: Norbert Wolf

Leitfaden f?r die Praxis Die Verfasser stellen verschiedene Arten von Kriminalprognosen vor und erl?utern diese anhand von Beispielsf?llen. Gleichzeitig arbeitet das Autorenteam die jeweiligen Anwendungsm?glichkeiten f?r die polizeiliche Praxis heraus. Der Leitfaden enth?lt au?erdem ein Kapitel mit dem Titel «Prognosen im Polizeialltag». Die abgedruckten Checklisten und Formulierungshilfen erleichtern die Umsetzung in der polizeilichen Praxis.
Die Einsatzm?glichkeiten Die Darstellung der Einsatzm?glichkeiten der verschiedenen Kriminalprognosen geht ?ber den Polizeibereich hinaus und bezieht insbesondere den juristischen und den forensischen Bereich mit ein. Dies erm?glicht eine umfassendere Beurteilung der Prognosen und sch?rft den «Blick ?ber den Tellerrand».
Das Zusammenwirken von Polizei und Justiz Eine erweiterte Betrachtungsweise hilft den mit Kriminalprognosen besch?ftigten Polizeibeamtinnen und -beamten dabei, Abl?ufe, z.B. der Justiz, besser zu verstehen und ihre eigene Vorgehensweise auf diese Abl?ufe abzustimmen. Dadurch gelingt es den Polizeikr?ften, ihre eigenen Aktenbestandteile rechtssicher zu verfassen und m?glichen Einw?nden von Rechtsanw?ltinnen und Rechtsanw?lten, der Staatsanwaltschaft oder von Richterinnen und Richtern zu begegnen.
Relevanz der Kriminalprognose Die Kriminalprognose ist ein praxisrelevantes Instrument zur Gewinnung von Aussagen zur Kriminalit?tsentwicklung im Allgemeinen, zur Entwicklung bei einzelnen Delikten und bei neuen Deliktsformen sowie im Besonderen zur Prognose der personenbezogenen Delinquenz von Einzelt?terinnen und -t?tern.
Weshalb sind Kriminalprognosen wichtig f?r die polizeiliche Praxis? Kriminalprognosen sind aus Sicht der Autoren auch ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Kriminalwissenschaften. Sie sollen nicht nur die Entstehung von Kriminalit?t vorhersagen, sondern auch bei der Aufkl?rung von Straftaten helfen. Das Thema ist deshalb f?r die gesamte Polizei und auch die Sicherheitsbeh?rden relevant, sowohl f?r Kriminologinnen und Kriminologen als auch f?r Kriminalistinnen und Kriminalisten. Unter den praktischen Einsatz von Kriminalprognosen f?llt z.B. die Einf?hrung von Predictive Policing in vielen Bundesl?ndern. In Zukunft wird z.B. durch Smart Home oder Smart Car die Digitalisierung unserer Gesellschaft weiter voranschreiten. Daraus werden sich Prognosem?glichkeiten ergeben, deren Ausma? wir zurzeit nicht ?berblicken k?nnen.
Aus der Praxis f?r die Praxis Die Autoren schreiben insbesondere f?r die Polizeibeamtinnen und Polizeibeamten in der Praxis, aber auch f?r die Justiz (Richterinnen und Richter, Staatsanw?ltinnen und Staatsanw?lte) sowie f?r die Polizeiausbildung.

Серия: Kriminalistik und Kriminologie

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Автор: Tobias Block

Bearing types and their scope of application are explained in detail and all problems connected with bearings are discussed. The revised new edition takes into account German and European standards. A handbook for design, detailing and construction.

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Автор: Mario Caironi

From materials to applications, this ready reference covers the entire value chain from fundamentals via processing right up to devices, presenting different approaches to large-area electronics, thus enabling readers to compare materials, properties and performance. Divided into two parts, the first focuses on the materials used for the electronic functionality, covering organic and inorganic semiconductors, including vacuum and solution-processed metal-oxide semiconductors, nanomembranes and nanocrystals, as well as conductors and insulators. The second part reviews the devices and applications of large-area electronics, including flexible and ultra-high-resolution displays, light-emitting transistors, organic and inorganic photovoltaics, large-area imagers and sensors, non-volatile memories and radio-frequency identification tags. With its academic and industrial viewpoints, this volume provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers while also serving as a first-stop resource for those entering the field.

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Автор: Jing-Feng Li

Provides in-depth knowledge on lead-free piezoelectrics – for state-of-the-art, environmentally friendly electrical and electronic devices! Lead zirconate titanate ceramics have been market-dominating due to their excellent properties and flexibility in terms of compositional modifications. Driven by the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, there is a growing concern on the toxicity of lead. Therefore, numerous research efforts were devoted to lead-free piezoelectrics from the beginning of this century. Great progress has been made in the development of high-performance lead-free piezoelectric ceramics which are already used, e.g., for power electronics applications. Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials provides an in-depth overview of principles, material systems, and applications of lead-free piezoelectric materials. It starts with the fundamentals of piezoelectricity and lead-free piezoelectrics. Then it discusses four representative lead-free piezoelectric material systems from background introduction to crystal structures and properties. Finally, it presents several applications of lead-free piezoelectrics including piezoelectric actuators, and transducers. The challenges for promoting applications will also be discussed. Highly attractive: Lead-free piezoelectrics address the growing concerns on exclusion of hazardous substances used in electrical and electronic devices in order to protect human health and the environment Thorough overview: Covers fundamentals, different classes of materials, processing and applications Unique: discusses fundamentals and recent advancements in the field of lead-free piezoelectrics Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials is of high interest for material scientists, electrical and chemical engineers, solid state chemists and physicists in academia and industry.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Discusses the growth mechanisms of tin whiskers and the effective mitigation strategies necessary to reduce whisker growth risks This book covers key tin whisker topics, ranging from fundamental science to practical mitigation strategies. The text begins with a review of the characteristic properties of local microstructures around whisker and hillock grains to identify why these particular grains and locations become predisposed to forming whiskers and hillocks. The book discusses the basic properties of tin-based alloy finishes and the effects of various alloying elements on whisker formation, with a focus on potential mechanisms for whisker suppression or enhancement for each element. Tin whisker risk mitigation strategies for each tier of the supply chain for high reliability electronic systems are also described. Discusses whisker formation factors including surface grain geometry, crystallographic orientation-dependent surface grain boundary structure, and the localization of elastic strain/strain energy density distribution Examines how whiskers and hillocks evolve in time through real-time studies of whisker growth with the scanning electron microscope/focused ion beaming milling (SEM/FIB) Covers characterization methods of tin and tin-based alloy finishes such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) Reviews theories of mechanically-induced tin whiskers with case studies using pure tin and other lead-free finishes shown to evaluate the pressure-induced tin whiskers Mitigating Tin Whisker Risks: Theory and Practice is intended for the broader electronic packaging and manufacturing community including: manufacturing engineers, packaging development engineers, as well as engineers and researchers in high reliability industries.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Promoting the design, application and evaluation of visually and electrically effective LED light sources and luminaires for general indoor lighting as well as outdoor and vehicle lighting, this book combines the knowledge of LED lighting technology with human perceptual aspects for lighting scientists and engineers. After an introduction to the human visual system and current radiometry, photometry and color science, the basics of LED chip and phosphor technology are described followed by specific issues of LED radiometry and the optical, thermal and electric modeling of LEDs. This is supplemented by the relevant practical issues of pulsed LEDs, remote phosphor LEDs and the aging of LED light sources. Relevant human visual aspects closely related to LED technology are described in detail for the photopic and the mesopic range of vision, including color rendering, binning, whiteness, Circadian issues, as well as flicker perception, brightness, visual performance, conspicuity and disability glare. The topic of LED luminaires is discussed in a separate chapter, including retrofit LED lamps, LED-based road and street luminaires and LED luminaires for museum and school lighting. Specific sections are devoted to the modularity of LED luminaires, their aging and the planning and evaluation methods of new LED installations. The whole is rounded off by a summary and a look towards future developments.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Offering engineers and material scientists an explanation of the complex interrelations between numerous lightweight construction methods, this book is didactically structured to cover the spectrum from determining requirements, to calculations and optimization, via component developments and choice of materials, right up to design and manufacturing techniques. Examples from transportation and racing illustrate the methods and interdependencies between the choice of material and design.

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Автор: Mark LeVine

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Автор: Группа авторов

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Автор: Группа авторов

In the automotive and aerospace industries, the need for strong yet light materials has given rise to extensive research into aluminum and magnesium alloys and formable titanium alloys. All of these are categorized as light weight materials. The distinguishing feature of light weight materials is that they are low density, but they have a wide range of properties and, as a result, a wide range of applications. This book provides researchers and students with an overview of the recent advancements in light weight material processing, manufacturing and characterization. It contains chapters by eminent researchers on topics associated with light weight materials, including on the current buzzword “composite materials”. First, this book describes the current status of light weight materials. Then, it studies applications of these materials, given that, as the densities vary, so do the applications, ranging from automobiles and aviation to bio-mechatronics. This book will therefore serve as an excellent guide to this field.

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Автор: Emmanuel Todd

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Автор: Mokhtar S. Bazaraa

The authoritative guide to modeling and solving complex problems with linear programming—extensively revised, expanded, and updated The only book to treat both linear programming techniques and network flows under one cover, Linear Programming and Network Flows, Fourth Edition has been completely updated with the latest developments on the topic. This new edition continues to successfully emphasize modeling concepts, the design and analysis of algorithms, and implementation strategies for problems in a variety of fields, including industrial engineering, management science, operations research, computer science, and mathematics. The book begins with basic results on linear algebra and convex analysis, and a geometrically motivated study of the structure of polyhedral sets is provided. Subsequent chapters include coverage of cycling in the simplex method, interior point methods, and sensitivity and parametric analysis. Newly added topics in the Fourth Edition include: The cycling phenomenon in linear programming and the geometry of cycling Duality relationships with cycling Elaboration on stable factorizations and implementation strategies Stabilized column generation and acceleration of Benders and Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition methods Line search and dual ascent ideas for the out-of-kilter algorithm Heap implementation comments, negative cost circuit insights, and additional convergence analyses for shortest path problems The authors present concepts and techniques that are illustrated by numerical examples along with insights complete with detailed mathematical analysis and justification. An emphasis is placed on providing geometric viewpoints and economic interpretations as well as strengthening the understanding of the fundamental ideas. Each chapter is accompanied by Notes and References sections that provide historical developments in addition to current and future trends. Updated exercises allow readers to test their comprehension of the presented material, and extensive references provide resources for further study. Linear Programming and Network Flows, Fourth Edition is an excellent book for linear programming and network flow courses at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for applied scientists who would like to refresh their understanding of linear programming and network flow techniques.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Sequence stratigraphy is a powerful tool for the prediction of depositional porosity and permeability, but does not account for the impact of diagenesis on these reservoir parameters. Therefore, integrating diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy can provide a better way of predicting reservoir quality. This special publication consists of 19 papers (reviews and case studies) exploring different aspects of the integration of diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy in carbonate, siliciclastic, and mixed carbonate-siliciclastic successions from various geological settings. This book will be of interest to sedimentary petrologists aiming to understand the distribution of diagenesis in siliciclastic and carbonate successions, to sequence stratigraphers who can use diagenetic features to recognize and verify interpreted key stratigraphic surfaces, and to petroleum geologists who wish to develop more realistic conceptual models for the spatial and temporal distribution of reservoir quality. This book is part of the International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS) Special Publications. The Special Publications from the IAS are a set of thematic volumes edited by specialists on subjects of central interest to sedimentologists. Papers are reviewed and printed to the same high standards as those published in the journal Sedimentology and several of these volumes have become standard works of reference.

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Автор: Группа авторов

The first book to place recent academic developments within the context of real life industrial applications, this is a timely overview of the field of aerobic oxidation reactions in the liquid phase that also illuminates the key challenges that lie ahead. As such, it covers both homogeneous as well as heterogeneous chemocatalysis and biocatalysis, along with examples taken from various industries: bulk chemicals and monomers, specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, vitamins, and pharmaceuticals. One chapter is devoted to reactor concepts and engineering aspects of these methods, while another deals with the relevance of aerobic oxidation catalysis for the conversion of renewable feedstock. With chapters written by a team of academic and industrial researchers, this is a valuable reference for synthetic and catalytic chemists at universities as well as those working in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries seeking a better understanding of these reactions and how to design large scale processes based on this technology.

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Автор: Группа авторов

The Advances in Chemical Physics series—the cutting edge of research in chemical physics The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series presents contributions from internationally renowned chemists and serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics. This volume explores: Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Supercooled Water Water-like Anomalies of Core-Softened Fluids: Dependence on the Trajectories in (P, ϱ, T) Space Water Proton Environment: A New Water Anomaly at Atomic Scale? Polymorphism and Anomalous Melting in Isotropic Fluids Computer Simulations of Liquid Silica: Water-Like Thermodynamic and Dynamic Anomalies, and the Evidence for Polyamorphism

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Автор: Gijsbertus de With

For many processes and applications in science and technology a basic knowledge of liquids and solutions is a must. Gaining a better understanding of the behavior and properties of pure liquids and solutions will help to improve many processes and to advance research in many different areas. This book provides a comprehensive, self-contained and integrated survey of this topic and is a must-have for many chemists, chemical engineers and material scientists, ranging from newcomers in the field to more experienced researchers. The author offers a clear, well-structured didactic approach and provides an overview of the most important types of liquids and solutions. Special topics include chemical reactions, surfaces and phase transitions. Suitable both for introductory as well as intermediate level as more advanced parts are clearly marked. Includes also problems and solutions.

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Автор: Philippe Feyel

The loop-shaping approach consists of obtaining a specification in relation to the open loop of the control from specifications regarding various closed loop transfers, because it is easier to work on a single transfer (in addition to the open loop) than on a multitude of transfers (various loopings such as set point/error, disturbance/error, disturbance/control, etc.). The simplicity and flexibility of the approach make it very well adapted to the industrial context. This book presents the loop-shaping approach in its entirety, starting with the declension of high-level specifications into a loop-shaping specification. It then shows how it is possible to fully integrate this approach for the calculation of robust and efficient correctors with the help of existing techniques, which have already been industrially tried and tested, such as H-infinity synthesis. The concept of a gap metric (or distance between models) is also presented along with its connection with the prime factors of a set of systems shaping a ball of models, as well as its connections with robust synthesis by loop-shaping, in order to calculate efficient and robust correctors. As H-infinity loop-shaping is often demanding in terms of the order of correctors, the author also looks at loop-shaping synthesis under an ordering constraint. Two further promising lines of research are presented, one using stochastic optimization, and the other non-smooth optimization. Finally, the book introduces the concept of correction with two degrees of freedom via the formalism of prime factorization. Avenues for future work are also opened up by the author as he discusses the main drawbacks to loop-shaping synthesis, and how these issues can be solved using modern optimization techniques in an increasingly competitive industrial context, in accordance with ever more complex sets of functional specifications, associated with increasingly broad conditions of usage. Contents Introduction 1. The Loop-shaping Approach 2. Loop-shaping H-infinity Synthesis 3. Two Degrees-of-Freedom Controllers 4. Extensions and Optimizations Appendix 1. Demonstrative Elements on the Optimization of Robust Stabilization with Order Constraint Appendix 2. Establishment of Real LMIs for the Quasi-Convex Problem of Optimization of the Weighting Functions About the Authors Philippe Feyel is an R&D Engineer for the high-tech company Sagem D?fense S?curit?, part of the defence and security business of the SAFRAN group, in Paris, France.

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Автор: Barbara H. Rosenwein

We make sense of love with fantasies, stories that shape feelings that are otherwise too overwhelming, incoherent, and wayward to be tamed. For love is a complex, bewildering, and ecstatic emotion covering a welter of different feelings and moral judgments. Drawing on poetry, fiction, letters, memoirs, and art, and with the aid of a rich array of illustrations, historian Barbara H. Rosenwein explores five of our most enduring fantasies of love: like-minded union, transcendent rapture, selfless giving, obsessive longing, and insatiable desire. Each has had a long and tangled history with lasting effects on how we in the West think about love today. Yet each leads to a different conclusion about what we should strive for in our relationships. If only we could peel back the layers of love and discover its “true” essence. But love doesn’t work like that; it is constructed on the shards of experience, story, and feeling, shared over time, intertwined with other fantasies. By understanding the history of how we have loved, Rosenwein argues, we may better navigate our own tumultuous experiences and perhaps write our own scripts.

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Автор: Вацлав Смил

How much further should the affluent world push its material consumption? Does relative dematerialization lead to absolute decline in demand for materials? These and many other questions are discussed and answered in Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization. Over the course of time, the modern world has become dependent on unprecedented flows of materials. Now even the most efficient production processes and the highest practical rates of recycling may not be enough to result in dematerialization rates that would be high enough to negate the rising demand for materials generated by continuing population growth and rising standards of living. This book explores the costs of this dependence and the potential for substantial dematerialization of modern economies. Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization considers the principal materials used throughout history, from wood and stone, through to metals, alloys, plastics and silicon, describing their extraction and production as well as their dominant applications. The evolving productivities of material extraction, processing, synthesis, finishing and distribution, and the energy costs and environmental impact of rising material consumption are examined in detail. The book concludes with an outlook for the future, discussing the prospects for dematerialization and potential constrains on materials. This interdisciplinary text provides useful perspectives for readers with backgrounds including resource economics, environmental studies, energy analysis, mineral geology, industrial organization, manufacturing and material science.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Management of Complications in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a comprehensive reference that covers the minor and major complications which may occur in all facets of oral maxillofacial surgery. Each chapter covers the potential complications encountered during the routine practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery, from the most commonly encountered complications, to those less frequent and more complex with which every competent oral and maxillofacial surgeon should be familiar. Drs. Miloro and Kolokythas address possible complications in every aspect of OMS, including anesthesia, third molar surgery, implant surgery, maxillofacial trauma, orthognathic surgery, temporomandibular joint surgery, cleft lip and palate surgery, head and neck oncologic surgery, soft and hard tissue reconstruction, free tissue transfer, and cosmetic facial surgery. The contributors to this textbook, recognized experts in their specific topic due to their surgical experience and expertise, focus on the prompt recognition of each complication, and consider preventative measures as well as precise management strategies considering the already compromised clinical circumstances.

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Автор: Philippe Quevauviller

A large part of the world’s coastlines consists of sandy beaches and dunes that may undergo dramatic changes during storms. Extreme storm events in some cases dominate the erosion history of the coastline and may have dramatic impacts on densely populated coastal areas. Policy, research and historical background are essential elements that need to be interconnected for effective coastal planning and management. This book discusses this framework, with Chapter 1 providing an insight into policy settings and science-policy interactions in the area of coastal risks related to storms and flooding, and integrated coastal zone management. This is followed by a review of the current understanding of the processes generating extreme coastal events, the morphological evolution of coastlines during and after the events, and the methods for monitoring the process as it occurs or for post-event appraisal. The final chapter discusses the importance of historical approaches regarding coastal threats, taking the Xynthia storm as an example.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Essential management guidance for real-world applied research projects Managing Applied Social Research equips you with the skills, strategies, and knowledge you need to effectively manage research projects. Written by a team of nationally-known researchers, this book covers the systematic management of applied social research studies from 'soup to nuts,' providing researchers with an easy-to-follow process and the tools and templates for improving the quality, ethical conduct, and usefulness of the final products. The authors merge expertise adapted from the field of project management with their decades of experience in using established research methodologies and practices to offer readers; practical examples and insights gleaned from major research houses such as Rand, Urban Institute, Mathematica, American Institutes for Research, and others. Key concepts and methodologies are systematically unpacked, with detailed discussion of both theoretical bases and practical applications in the field. Written in plain English, the case studies and vignettes illustrate typical approaches to different scenarios, and the checklists, templates, and other tools provide guides for action. Starting from basic social research strategies, you'll build an understanding of applied research issues and how projects are best managed in a messy, imperfect world. From conceptualization and proposal through implementation, analysis, and reporting, this book helps you lead your projects to success. Learn the skills and concepts necessary to effectively manage applied research projects for the social science disciplines Anticipate and prepare for common challenges and obstacles Understand the various roles and their requisite tasks and responsibilities Learn strategies for making effective decisions about a study's scope, work, schedule, people, budget, and risks during each phase of the research study Social science research is an essential well of information upon which society is run. Proper management is the key to any research project's success, and success becomes more critical in the field given the potential ramifications in terms of policy and its effects on real, everyday people. Managing Applied Social Research provides sound guidance and expert insight with an essential real-world focus.

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Автор: Jens Freudenberger

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Автор: Pierre Delhaes

A thermodynamic system is defined according to its environment and its compliance. This book promotes the classification of materials from generalized thermodynamics outside the equilibrium state and not solely according to their chemical origin. The author goes beyond standard classification of materials and extends it to take into account the living, ecological, economic and financial systems in which they exist: all these systems can be classified according to their deviation from an ideal situation of thermodynamic equilibrium. The concepts of dynamic complexity and hierarchy, emphasizing the crucial role played by cycles and rhythms, then become fundamental. Finally, the limitations of the uniqueness of this description that depend on thermodynamic foundations based on the concepts of energy and entropy are discussed in relation to the cognitive sciences.

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Автор: Группа авторов

This useful, one-stop resource for understanding the most important issues in materials challenges in alternative and renewable energy. The logically organized and carefully selected articles give insight into materials challenges in alternative renewable energy and incorporate the latest developments related to materials challenges in alternative renewable energy, including hydrogen, batteries and energy storage materials, hydropower, and biomass.

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Автор: Группа авторов

The overall efficiency, effectiveness, and practicality of potential future energy sources and systems are directly related to many materials-related factors. This volume features 30 papers presented during the 2012 Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy Conference. They cover the latest developments involving materials for alternative and renewable energy sources and systems, including batteries and energy storage, hydrogen, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and nuclear, as well as materials availability, the energy grid, and nanocomposites.

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Автор: Группа авторов

MATERIALS FOR SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION This book provides professionals and students with a resource on the basic principles and applications of solar energy materials and processes, as well as practicing engineers who want to understand how functional materials operate in solar energy conversion systems. The demand for energy is increasing daily, and the development of sustainable power generation is a critical issue. In order to overcome the energy demand, power generation through solar energy is booming. Many research works have attempted to enhance the efficiency of collection and storage of solar energy and, as a result, numerous advanced functional materials have been developed for enhancing the performance of solar cells. This book has compiled and broadly explores the latest developments of materials, methods, and applications of solar energy. The book is divided into 2 parts, in which the first part deals with solar cell fundamentals and emerging categories, and the latter part deals with materials, methods, and applications in order to fill the gap between existing technologies and practical requirements. The book presents detailed chapters including organic, inorganic, coating materials, and collectors. The use of modern computer simulation techniques, conversion and storage processes are effectively covered. Topics such as nanostructured solar cells, battery materials, etc. are included in this book as well. Audience The book is aimed at researchers in materials science, chemistry, physics, electrical and mechanical engineering working in the fields of nanotechnology, photovoltaic device technology, and solar energy.

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Автор: Группа авторов

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Автор: Группа авторов

LEDs are in the midst of revolutionizing the lighting industry Up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of light-emitting materials and devices used in solid state lighting and displays Presents the fundamental principles underlying luminescence Includes inorganic and organic materials and devices LEDs offer high efficiency, long life and mercury free lighting solutions

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Автор: Jo Boaler

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Автор: Группа авторов

Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Biocomposites A comprehensive review of the properties of biocomposites and their applications Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Biocomposites offers a comprehensive overview of the mechanical and dynamic properties of biocomposites and natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This essential resource helps with materials selection in the development of products in the fields of automotive and aerospace engineering as well as the construction of structures in civil engineering.With contributions from a panel of experts in the field, the book reviews the mechanical and damping properties of lingo-cellulosic fibers and their composites. The authors highlight the factors that contribute to the improved properties and their advancements in modern industrialization.Besides, the book is designed to (a) introduce the mechanical and damping properties of lingo-cellulosic fibers and their composites, (b) factors that contribute to improvement in properties such as hybridization, chemical treatment of natural fibers, additive or fillers, etc. and (c) the real-time applications with case studies and future prospects.Key features:Presents viable alternatives to conventional compositesExamines the environmentally friendly and favorable mechanical properties of biocompositesReviews the potential applications of biocomposites in the fields of automotive, mechanical and civil engineeringBrings together in one comprehensive resource information found scattered across the professional literatureWritten for materials scientists, polymer chemists, chemists in industry, civil engineers, construction engineers, and engineering scientists in industry, Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of BIocomposites offers a compreshensive review of the properties and applications of biocomposites.

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