гидроэнергетика (страница 2)

Автор: Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski

Provides comprehensive coverage of the basic principles and methods of electric power conversion and the latest developments in the field This book constitutes a comprehensive overview of the modern power electronics. Various semiconductor power switches are described, complementary components and systems are presented, and power electronic converters that process power for a variety of applications are explained in detail. This third edition updates all chapters, including new concepts in modern power electronics. New to this edition is extended coverage of matrix converters, multilevel inverters, and applications of the Z-source in cascaded power converters. The book is accompanied by a website hosting an instructor’s manual, a PowerPoint presentation, and a set of PSpice files for simulation of a variety of power electronic converters. Introduction to Modern Power Electronics, Third Edition: Discusses power conversion types: ac-to-dc, ac-to-ac, dc-to-dc, and dc-to-ac Reviews advanced control methods used in today’s power electronic converters Includes an extensive body of examples, exercises, computer assignments, and simulations Introduction to Modern Power Electronics, Third Edition is written for undergraduate and graduate engineering students interested in modern power electronics and renewable energy systems. The book can also serve as a reference tool for practicing electrical and industrial engineers.

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Автор: Magno Urbano

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Автор: Группа авторов

Focusing on the practical applications, this user-oriented guide presents current technologies and strategies for systems-level lipid analysis, going beyond basic research to concentrate on commercial uses of lipidomics in biomarker and diagnostic development, as well as within pharmaceutical drug discovery and development. The editor and authors have experience of the most recent analytical instruments and techniques, allowing them to provide here first-hand practical experience for newcomers to the field. The first half of the book covers current methodologies, ranging from global to targeted lipidomics and shotgun approaches, while the second part discusses the role of lipidomics in biomedical and pharmaceutical research, covering such diverse fields as inflammation, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and neurological disease. Both small and large-scale, high-throughput approaches are discussed, resulting in an invaluable source for academic and industrial research and development.

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Автор: Michelle R. Weise

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Автор: Jeffrey S. Parker

Based on years of research conducted at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Low-Energy Lunar Trajectory Design provides high-level information to mission managers and detailed information to mission designers about low-energy transfers between Earth and the moon. The book answers high-level questions about the availability and performance of such transfers in any given month and year. Low-energy lunar transfers are compared with various other types of transfers, and placed within the context of historical missions. Using this book, designers may reconstruct any transfer described therein, as well as design similar transfers with particular design parameters. An Appendix, “Locating the Lagrange Points,” and a useful list of terms and constants completes this technical reference. Surveys thousands of possible trajectories that may be used to transfer spacecraft between Earth and the moon, including transfers to lunar libration orbits, low lunar orbits, and the lunar surface Provides information about the methods, models, and tools used to design low-energy lunar transfers Includes discussion about the variations of these transfers from one month to the next, and the important operational aspects of implementing a low-energy lunar transfer Additional discussions address navigation, station-keeping, and spacecraft systems issues

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Автор: G. Carleton Ray

Providing a guide for marine conservation practice, Marine Conservation takes a whole-systems approach, covering major advances in marine ecosystem understanding. Its premise is that conservation must be informed by the natural histories of organisms together with the hierarchy of scale-related linkages and ecosystem processes. The authors introduce a broad range of overlapping issues and the conservation mechanisms that have been devised to achieve marine conservation goals. The book provides students and conservation practitioners with a framework for thoughtful, critical thinking in order to incite innovation in the 21st century. «Marine Conservation presents a scholarly but eminently readable case for the necessity of a systems approach to conserving the oceans, combining superb introductions to the science, law and policy frameworks with carefully chosen case studies. This superb volume is a must for anyone interested in marine conservation, from students and practitioners to lay readers and policy-makers.» —Simon Levin, George M. Moffett Professor of Biology, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University

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Автор: Elver Sena Sosa

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Автор: Jean-Charles Pinoli

Mathematical Imaging is currently a rapidly growing field in applied mathematics, with an increasing need for theoretical mathematics. This book, the second of two volumes, emphasizes the role of mathematics as a rigorous basis for imaging sciences. It provides a comprehensive and convenient overview of the key mathematical concepts, notions, tools and frameworks involved in the various fields of gray-tone and binary image processing and analysis, by proposing a large, but coherent, set of symbols and notations, a complete list of subjects and a detailed bibliography. It establishes a bridge between the pure and applied mathematical disciplines, and the processing and analysis of gray-tone and binary images. It is accessible to readers who have neither extensive mathematical training, nor peer knowledge in Image Processing and Analysis. It is a self-contained book focusing on the mathematical notions, concepts, operations, structures, and frameworks that are beyond or involved in Image Processing and Analysis. The notations are simplified as far as possible in order to be more explicative and consistent throughout the book and the mathematical aspects are systematically discussed in the image processing and analysis context, through practical examples or concrete illustrations. Conversely, the discussed applicative issues allow the role of mathematics to be highlighted. Written for a broad audience – students, mathematicians, image processing and analysis specialists, as well as other scientists and practitioners – the author hopes that readers will find their own way of using the book, thus providing a mathematical companion that can help mathematicians become more familiar with image processing and analysis, and likewise, image processing and image analysis scientists, researchers and engineers gain a deeper understanding of mathematical notions and concepts.

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Автор: Bo Zhang

Grounding is the fundamental measures to ensure the safe operation of power systems, including power apparatus and control/monitoring systems, and guarantee the personal safety. Grounding technology is an interdiscipline involving electrical engineering, high voltage technology, electric safety, electromagnetics, numerical analysis, and geological exploration Methodology and Technology for Power System Grounding: Covers all topics related to power system grounding Presents fundaments and theories of grounding systems Well balances technology and methodology related to grounding system design Helps to understand the grounding analysis softwares Highlights the advanced research works in the field of grounding systems Comprehensively introduces numerical analysis methods Discovers impulse ionization phenomenon of soil around the grounding conductors Touches on lightning impulse characteristics of grounding devices for towers and buildings As a comprehensive treatment of the topic, Methodology and Technology for Power System Grounding is ideal for engineers and researchers in power system, lightning protection, and grounding. The book will also better equip postgraduates, senior undergraduate students in electrical engineering.

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Автор: Группа авторов

Microgrids are the most innovative area in the electric power industry today. Future microgrids could exist as energy-balanced cells within existing power distribution grids or stand-alone power networks within small communities. A definitive presentation on all aspects of microgrids, this text examines the operation of microgrids – their control concepts and advanced architectures including multi-microgrids. It takes a logical approach to overview the purpose and the technical aspects of microgrids, discussing the social, economic and environmental benefits to power system operation. The book also presents microgrid design and control issues, including protection and explaining how to implement centralized and decentralized control strategies. Key features: original, state-of-the-art research material written by internationally respected contributors unique case studies demonstrating success stories from real-world pilot sites from Europe, the Americas, Japan and China examines market and regulatory settings for microgrids, and provides evaluation results under standard test conditions a look to the future – technical solutions to maximize the value of distributed energy along with the principles and criteria for developing commercial and regulatory frameworks for microgrids Offering broad yet balanced coverage, this volume is an entry point to this very topical area of power delivery for electric power engineers familiar with medium and low voltage distribution systems, utility operators in microgrids, power systems researchers and academics. It is also a useful reference for system planners and operators, manufacturers and network operators, government regulators, and postgraduate power systems students. CONTRIBUTORS Thomas Degner Aris Dimeas Alfred Engler Nuno Gil Asier Gil de Muro Guillermo Jim?nez-Est?vez George Kariniotakis George Korres Andr? Madureira Meiqin Mao Chris Marnay Jose Miguel Yarza Satoshi Morozumi Alexander Oudalov Frank van Overbeeke Rodrigo Palma Behnke Joao Abel Pecas Lopes Fernanda Resende John Romankiewicz Christine Schwaegerl Nikos Soultanis Liang Tao Antonis Tsikalakis

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Автор: Tobias Geyer

In this original book on model predictive control (MPC) for power electronics, the focus is put on high-power applications with multilevel converters operating at switching frequencies well below 1 kHz, such as medium-voltage drives and modular multi-level converters. Consisting of two main parts, the first offers a detailed review of three-phase power electronics, electrical machines, carrier-based pulse width modulation, optimized pulse patterns, state-of-the art converter control methods and the principle of MPC. The second part is an in-depth treatment of MPC methods that fully exploit the performance potential of high-power converters. These control methods combine the fast control responses of deadbeat control with the optimal steady-state performance of optimized pulse patterns by resolving the antagonism between the two. MPC is expected to evolve into the control method of choice for power electronic systems operating at low pulse numbers with multiple coupled variables and tight operating constraints it. Model Predictive Control of High Power Converters and Industrial Drives will enable to reader to learn how to increase the power capability of the converter, lower the current distortions, reduce the filter size, achieve very fast transient responses and ensure the reliable operation within safe operating area constraints. Targeted at power electronic practitioners working on control-related aspects as well as control engineers, the material is intuitively accessible, and the mathematical formulations are augmented by illustrations, simple examples and a book companion website featuring animations. Readers benefit from a concise and comprehensive treatment of MPC for industrial power electronics, enabling them to understand, implement and advance the field of high-performance MPC schemes.

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Автор: Felix A. Farret

Discusses the application of mathematical and engineering tools for modeling, simulation and control oriented for energy systems, power electronics and renewable energy This book builds on the background knowledge of electrical circuits, control of dc/dc converters and inverters, energy conversion and power electronics. The book shows readers how to apply computational methods for multi-domain simulation of energy systems and power electronics engineering problems. Each chapter has a brief introduction on the theoretical background, a description of the problems to be solved, and objectives to be achieved. Block diagrams, electrical circuits, mathematical analysis or computer code are covered. Each chapter concludes with discussions on what should be learned, suggestions for further studies and even some experimental work. Discusses the mathematical formulation of system equations for energy systems and power electronics aiming state-space and circuit oriented simulations Studies the interactions between MATLAB and Simulink models and functions with real-world implementation using microprocessors and microcontrollers Presents numerical integration techniques, transfer-function modeling, harmonic analysis and power quality performance assessment Examines existing software such as, MATLAB/Simulink, Power Systems Toolbox and PSIM to simulate power electronic circuits including the use of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar sources The simulation files are available for readers who register with the Google Group: power-electronics-interfacing-energy-conversion-systems@googlegroups.com. After your registration you will receive information in how to access the simulation files, the Google Group can also be used to communicate with other registered readers of this book.

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Автор: Stefanie Widmann

Wer von Ihnen kennt die Situation nicht? Sie mochten in Ihrem Seminar, einem Moderationsgesprach, Vortrag oder Workshop Inhalte verdeutlichen und so erklaren, dass sie bei Ihren Zuhorern im Gedachtnis bleiben. Oder Sie brauchen einen Einstieg fur solche Situationen. Padagogisch wirksam soll er sein, ein Aufrei?er, ein Wachmacher. Eine einfache, kurze Geschichte, fur jeden verstandlich, klar in der Botschaft, interessant erzahlt. Doch manche Ihrer alten Geschichten nutzen Sie nur ungern, fur einige Themen haben Sie noch keinen richtig guten Einstieg und fur neue Problemstellungen findet sich auch nicht immer leicht ein gutes Gleichnis. Gegliedert nach Schlagworten, auswahlbar aus einem Verzeichnis mit mehr als 100 Themenbereichen und jeweils erganzt um ein Fazit, helfen Ihnen hier die «Modernen Parabeln»: wahre, erfundene oder ein bisschen wahre Geschichten, verpackt in diesem attraktiven, handlichen Buch. Einfache, kurze, gut einsetzbare Geschichten, die darauf warten, von Ihnen aufgegriffen, nacherzahlt oder wieder verandert zu werden.

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Автор: Amirnaser Yazdani

A generic DC grid model that is compatible with the standard AC system stability model is presented and used to analyse the interaction between the DC grid and the host AC systems. A multi-terminal DC (MTDC) grid interconnecting multiple AC systems and offshore energy sources (e.g. wind farms) across the nations and continents would allow effective sharing of intermittent renewable resources and open market operation for secure and cost-effective supply of electricity. However, such DC grids are unprecedented with no operational experience. Despite lots of discussions and specific visions for setting up such MTDC grids particularly in Europe, none has yet been realized in practice due to two major technical barriers: Lack of proper understanding about the interaction between a MTDC grid and the surrounding AC systems. Commercial unavailability of efficient DC side fault current interruption technology for conventional voltage sourced converter systems This book addresses the first issue in details by presenting a comprehensive modeling, analysis and control design framework. Possible methodologies for autonomous power sharing and exchange of frequency support across a MTDC grid and their impact on overall stability is covered. An overview of the state-of-the-art, challenges and on-going research and development initiatives for DC side fault current interruption is also presented.

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Автор: Zeynep Ilsen ?nsan

Provides a holistic approach to multiphase catalytic reactors from their modeling and design to their applications in industrial manufacturing of chemicals Covers theoretical aspects and examples of fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, trickle-bed, slurry, monolith and microchannel reactors Includes chapters covering experimental techniques and practical guidelines for lab-scale testing of multiphase reactors Includes mathematical content focused on design equations and empirical relationships characterizing different multiphase reactor types together with an assortment of computational tools Involves detailed coverage of multiphase reactor applications such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, fuel processing for fuel cells, hydrotreating of oil fractions and biofuels processing

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Автор: Simon Haykin

NONLINEAR FILTERS Discover the utility of using deep learning and (deep) reinforcement learning in deriving filtering algorithms with this insightful and powerful new resource Nonlinear Filters: Theory and Applications delivers an insightful view on state and parameter estimation by merging ideas from control theory, statistical signal processing, and machine learning. Taking an algorithmic approach, the book covers both classic and machine learningbased filtering algorithms. Readers of Nonlinear Filters will greatly benefit from the wide spectrum of presented topics including stability, robustness, computability, and algorithmic sufficiency. Readers will also enjoy: Organization that allows the book to act as a stand-alone, self-contained reference A thorough exploration of the notion of observability, nonlinear observers, and the theory of optimal nonlinear filtering that bridges the gap between different science and engineering disciplines A profound account of Bayesian filters including Kalman filter and its variants as well as particle filter A rigorous derivation of the smooth variable structure filter as a predictor-corrector estimator formulated based on a stability theorem, used to confine the estimated states within a neighborhood of their true values A concise tutorial on deep learning and reinforcement learning A detailed expectation of the expectation maximization algorithm and its machine learning-based variants, used for joint state and parameter estimation Guidelines for constructing nonparametric Bayesian models from parametric ones Perfect for researchers, professors, and graduate students in engineering, computer science, applied mathematics, and artificial intelligence, Nonlinear Filters: Theory and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of those studying or practicing in fields involving pandemic diseases, cybersecurity, information fusion, augmented reality, autonomous driving, urban traffic network, navigation and tracking, robotics, power systems, hybrid technologies, and finance.

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Автор: Olimpo Anaya-Lara

The offshore wind sector’s trend towards larger turbines, bigger wind farm projects and greater distance to shore has a critical impact on grid connection requirements for offshore wind power plants. This important reference sets out the fundamentals and latest innovations in electrical systems and control strategies deployed in offshore electricity grids for wind power integration. Includes: All current and emerging technologies for offshore wind integration and trends in energy storage systems, fault limiters, superconducting cables and gas-insulated transformers Protection of offshore wind farms illustrating numerous system integration and protection challenges through case studies Modelling of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) and full-converter wind turbines structures together with an explanation of the smart grid concept in the context of wind farms Comprehensive material on power electronic equipment employed in wind turbines with emphasis on enabling technologies (HVDC, STATCOM) to facilitate the connection and compensation of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms Worked examples and case studies to help understand the dynamic interaction between HVDC links and offshore wind generation Concise description of the voltage source converter topologies, control and operation for offshore wind farm applications Companion website containing simulation models of the cases discussed throughout Equipping electrical engineers for the engineering challenges in utility-scale offshore wind farms, this is an essential resource for power system and connection code designers and pratitioners dealing with integation of wind generation and the modelling and control of wind turbines. It will also provide high-level support to academic researchers and advanced students in power and renewable energy as well as technical and research staff in transmission and distribution system operators and in wind turbine and electrical equipment manufacturers.

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Автор: Jun Jiang

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Автор: Tom Forrest

Spectroscopy is used in physical and analytical chemistry for the identification of substances through the spectrum emitted from or absorbed by them. The derivation of structural information from spectroscopic data is now an integral part of many courses in chemistry and related subjects at most universities. This workbook: Features exercises to help develop the student's understanding of how structures are determined from spectra and to promote the student's own interpretation of different spectra. Covers a large range of spectroscopic data, including mass spectrometry, infrared and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, typically used in the routine analysis of small-sized organic molecules. Presents in full-color, in a workbook-friendly format the spectra for interpretation with explanations and analyses on the facing page. Related to the workbook the authors have an online resource of the problems featured in the workbook, available at: htttp://spectros.unice.fr/ By using the print edition alongside the online spectra, students will be able to enhance their understanding of the interpretation of multiple spectra.

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Автор: Tsai-Fu Wu

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Автор: Hua Zhang

The first handbook on this emerging field provides a comprehensive overview of transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions in the presence of an oxidant. Following an introduction to the general concept and mechanism of this reaction class, the team of authors presents chapters on C-C cross-coupling reactions using organometallic partners, C-Heteroatom bond forming reactions via oxidative couplings, and C-H couplings via C-H activation. The text also covers such groundbreaking topics as recent achievements in the fields of C-C and C-X bond formation reactions as well as C-H activation involving oxidative couplings. With its novel and concise approach towards important building blocks in organic chemistry and its focus on synthetic applications, this handbook is of great interest to all synthetic chemists in academia and industry alike.

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Автор: Ang?le Reinders

Solar PV is now the third most important renewable energy source, after hydro and wind power, in terms of global installed capacity. Bringing together the expertise of international PV specialists Photovoltaic Solar Energy: From Fundamentals to Applications provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of existing PV technologies in conjunction with an assessment of technological developments. Key features: Written by leading specialists active in concurrent developments in material sciences, solar cell research and application-driven R&D. Provides a basic knowledge base in light, photons and solar irradiance and basic functional principles of PV. Covers characterization techniques, economics and applications of PV such as silicon, thin-film and hybrid solar cells. Presents a compendium of PV technologies including: crystalline silicon technologies; chalcogenide thin film solar cells; thin-film silicon based PV technologies; organic PV and III-Vs; PV concentrator technologies; space technologies and economics, life-cycle and user aspects of PV technologies. Each chapter presents basic principles and formulas as well as major technological developments in a contemporary context with a look at future developments in this rapidly changing field of science and engineering. Ideal for industrial engineers and scientists beginning careers in PV as well as graduate students undertaking PV research and high-level undergraduate students.

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Автор: Giovanni Petrone

A practical reference to support choosing, customising and handling the best PV simulation solution This comprehensive guide surveys all available models for simulating a photovoltaic (PV) generator at different levels of granularity, from cell to system level, in uniform as well as in mismatched conditions. Providing a thorough comparison among the models, engineers have all the elements needed to choose the right PV array model for specific applications or environmental conditions matched with the model of the electronic circuit used to maximize the PV power production. Key features: Multiple mathematical models are given for different application requirements. The shading effect is taken into account to improve the model accuracy. Procedures for parameter identification of the PV model are analysed and compared. Mathematical manipulations are introduced to some models to reduce their calculation time. The electronic interface effect on the power chain is analysed. Analytical expressions are used to design and control the power converter driving the PV field. The book is an essential reference for R&D in the PV industry; designers of power converters for PV; PV systems designers; and practicing engineers.

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Автор: Mariusz Malinowski

Compiles current research into the analysis and design of power electronic converters for industrial applications and renewable energy systems, presenting modern and future applications of power electronics systems in the field of electrical vehicles With emphasis on the importance and long-term viability of Power Electronics for Renewable Energy this book brings together the state of the art knowledge and cutting-edge techniques in various stages of research. The topics included are not currently available for practicing professionals and aim to enable the reader to directly apply the knowledge gained to their designs. The book addresses the practical issues of current and future electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and focuses primarily on power electronics and motor drives based solutions for electric vehicle (EV) technologies. Propulsion system requirements and motor sizing for EVs is discussed, along with practical system sizing examples. Key EV battery technologies are explained as well as corresponding battery management issues. PHEV power system architectures and advanced power electronics intensive charging infrastructures for EVs and PHEVs are detailed. EV/PHEV interface with renewable energy is described, with practical examples. This book explores new topics for further research needed world-wide, and defines existing challenges, concerns, and selected problems that comply with international trends, standards, and programs for electric power conversion, distribution, and sustainable energy development. It will lead to the advancement of the current state-of-the art applications of power electronics for renewable energy, transportation, and industrial applications and will help add experience in the various industries and academia about the energy conversion technology and distributed energy sources. Combines state of the art global expertise to present the latest research on power electronics and its application in transportation, renewable energy and different industrial applications Offers an overview of existing technology and future trends, with discussion and analysis of different types of converters and control techniques (power converters, high performance power devices, power system, high performance control system and novel applications) Systematic explanation to provide researchers with enough background and understanding to go deeper in the topics covered in the book

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Автор: Bimal K. Bose

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Автор: Qing-Chang Zhong

Power systems worldwide are going through a paradigm shift from centralized generation to distributed generation. This book presents the SYNDEM (i.e., synchronized and democratized) grid architecture and its technical routes to harmonize the integration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, storage systems, and flexible loads, with the synchronization mechanism of synchronous machines, to enable autonomous operation of power systems, and to promote energy freedom. This is a game changer for the grid. It is the sort of breakthrough – like the touch screen in smart phones – that helps to push an industry from one era to the next, as reported by Keith Schneider, a New York Times correspondent since 1982. This book contains an introductory chapter and additional 24 chapters in five parts: Theoretical Framework, First-Generation VSM (virtual synchronous machines), Second-Generation VSM, Third-Generation VSM, and Case Studies. Most of the chapters include experimental results.

As the first book of its kind for power electronics-enabled autonomous power systems, it

• introduces a holistic architecture applicable to both large and small power systems, including aircraft power systems, ship power systems, microgrids, and supergrids
• provides latest research to address the unprecedented challenges faced by power systems and to enhance grid stability, reliability, security, resiliency, and sustainability
• demonstrates how future power systems achieve harmonious interaction, prevent local faults from cascading into wide-area blackouts, and operate autonomously with minimized cyber-attacks
• highlights the significance of the SYNDEM concept for power systems and beyond

Power Electronics-Enabled Autonomous Power Systems is an excellent book for researchers, engineers, and students involved in energy and power systems, electrical and control engineering, and power electronics. The SYNDEM theoretical framework chapter is also suitable for policy makers, legislators, entrepreneurs, commissioners of utility commissions, energy and environmental agency staff, utility personnel, investors, consultants, and attorneys.

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Автор: Kamal Al-Haddad

Maintaining a stable level of power quality in the distribution network is a growing challenge due to increased use of power electronics converters in domestic, commercial and industrial sectors. Power quality deterioration is manifested in increased losses; poor utilization of distribution systems; mal-operation of sensitive equipment and disturbances to nearby consumers, protective devices, and communication systems. However, as the energy-saving benefits will result in increased AC power processed through power electronics converters, there is a compelling need for improved understanding of mitigation techniques for power quality problems. This timely book comprehensively identifies, classifies, analyses and quantifies all associated power quality problems, including the direct integration of renewable energy sources in the distribution system, and systematically delivers mitigation techniques to overcome these problems. Key features: • Emphasis on in-depth learning of the latest topics in power quality extensively illustrated with waveforms and phasor diagrams. • Essential theory supported by solved numerical examples, review questions, and unsolved numerical problems to reinforce understanding. • Companion website contains solutions to unsolved numerical problems, providing hands-on experience. Senior undergraduate and graduate electrical engineering students and instructors will find this an invaluable resource for education in the field of power quality. It will also support continuing professional development for practicing engineers in distribution and transmission system operators.

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Автор: Joe H. Chow

Classic power system dynamics text now with phasor measurement and simulation toolbox This new edition addresses the needs of dynamic modeling and simulation relevant to power system planning, design, and operation, including a systematic derivation of synchronous machine dynamic models together with speed and voltage control subsystems. Reduced-order modeling based on integral manifolds is used as a firm basis for understanding the derivations and limitations of lower-order dynamic models. Following these developments, multi-machine model interconnected through the transmission network is formulated and simulated using numerical simulation methods. Energy function methods are discussed for direct evaluation of stability. Small-signal analysis is used for determining the electromechanical modes and mode-shapes, and for power system stabilizer design. Time-synchronized high-sampling-rate phasor measurement units (PMUs) to monitor power system disturbances have been implemented throughout North America and many other countries. In this second edition, new chapters on synchrophasor measurement and using the Power System Toolbox for dynamic simulation have been added. These new materials will reinforce power system dynamic aspects treated more analytically in the earlier chapters. Key features: Systematic derivation of synchronous machine dynamic models and simplification. Energy function methods with an emphasis on the potential energy boundary surface and the controlling unstable equilibrium point approaches. Phasor computation and synchrophasor data applications. Book companion website for instructors featuring solutions and PowerPoint files. Website for students featuring MATLABTM files. Power System Dynamics and Stability, 2nd Edition, with Synchrophasor Measurement and Power System Toolbox combines theoretical as well as practical information for use as a text for formal instruction or for reference by working engineers.

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Автор: Stanley H. Horowitz

With emphasis on power system protection from the network operator perspective, this classic textbook explains the fundamentals of relaying and power system phenomena including stability, protection and reliability. The fourth edition brings coverage up-to-date with important advancements in protective relaying due to significant changes in the conventional electric power system that will integrate renewable forms of energy and, in some countries, adoption of the Smart Grid initiative. New features of the Fourth Edition include: an entirely new chapter on protection considerations for renewable energy sources, looking at grid interconnection techniques, codes, protection considerations and practices. new concepts in power system protection such as Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) and system integrity protection (SIPS) -how to use WAMS for protection, and SIPS and control with WAMS. phasor measurement units (PMU), transmission line current differential, high voltage dead tank circuit breakers, and relays for multi-terminal lines. revisions to the Bus Protection Guide IEEE C37.234 (2009) and to the sections on additional protective requirements and restoration. Used by universities and industry courses throughout the world, Power System Relaying is an essential text for graduate students in electric power engineering and a reference for practising relay and protection engineers who want to be kept up to date with the latest advances in the industry.

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Автор: Afaf Kamal-Eldin

Processing and Nutrition of Fats and Oils reviews current and new practices of fats and oils production. The book examines the different aspects of fats and oils processing, how the nutritional properties are affected, and how fats interact with other components and nutrients in food products. Coverage includes current trends in the consumption of edible fats and oils; properties of fats, oils and bioactive lipids; techniques to process and modify edible oils; nutritional aspects of lipids; and regulatory aspects, labeling and certifications of fats and oils in foods.

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Автор: Fengge Gao

The fuel cell is a potential candidate for energy storage and conversion in our future energy mix. It is able to directly convert the chemical energy stored in fuel (e.g. hydrogen) into electricity, without undergoing different intermediary conversion steps. In the field of mobile and stationary applications, it is considered to be one of the future energy solutions. Among the different fuel cell types, the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell has shown great potential in mobile applications, due to its low operating temperature, solid-state electrolyte and compactness. This book presents a detailed state of art of PEM fuel cell modeling, with very detailed physical phenomena equations in different physical domains. Examples and a fully coupled multi-physical 1.2 kW PEMFC model are given help the reader better understand how to use the equations.

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Автор: Группа авторов

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Автор: Группа авторов

Strong bonds form stronger materials. For this reason, the investigation on thermal degradation of materials is a significantly important area in research and development activities. The analysis of thermal stability can be used to assess the behavior of materials in the aggressive environmental conditions, which in turn provides valuable information about the service life span of the materiel. Unlike other books published so far that have focused on either the fundamentals of thermal analysis or the degradation pattern of the materials, this book is specifically on the mechanism of degradation of materials. The mechanism of rapturing of chemical bonds as a result of exposure to high-temperature environment is difficult to study and resulting mechanistic pathway hard to establish. Limited information is available on this subject in the published literatures and difficult to excavate. Chapters in this book are contributed by the experts working on thermal degradation and analysis of the wide variety of advanced and traditional materials. Each chapter discusses the material, its possible application, behavior of chemical entities when exposed to high-temperature environment and mode and the mechanistic route of its decomposition. Such information is crucial while selecting the chemical ingredients during the synthesis or development of new materials technology.

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Автор: J?rgen Schlabbach

The comprehensive resource on reactive power compensation, presenting the design, application and operation of reactive power equipment and installations The area of reactive power compensation is gaining increasing importance worldwide. If suitably designed, it is capable of improving voltage quality significantly, meaning that losses in equipment and power systems are reduced, the permissible loading of equipment can be increased, and the over-all stability of system operation improved. Ultimately, energy use and CO2 emisson are reduced. This unique guide discusses the effects of reactive power on generation, transmission and distribution, and looks at the compensation of existing installations in detail. It outlines methods for determination of reactive power and answers the questions that arise when controlling it, for example, at parallel operation with generators. There is also a chapter devoted to installation, maintenance and disturbances. Key features include: A concise overview as well as deep specific knowledge on the segment power factor regulation and network quality Theory of reactive power compensation coupled with typical application examples such as car manufacturing, metal rolling and chemical works Chapter summaries with charts explaining how to put the theory into practice Coverage on the cost-saving aspects of this technology, including the efficient use of energy and the reduction of CO2 A practical guide for electrical engineers and technicians in utilities, this is also essential reading for maintenance engineers, designers, electrical contractors, manufacturing companies, and researchers, also those in industry and planning agencies. Insightful and clear, the book will also appeal to senior undergraduate and graduate electrical engineering students and professors.

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Автор: Ning Lin

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Автор: Moe Toghraei

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Автор: Sudharman K. Jayaweera

This book examines signal processing techniques for cognitive radios. The book is divided into three parts: Part I, is an introduction to cognitive radios and presents a history of the cognitive radio (CR), and introduce their architecture, functionalities, ideal aspects, hardware platforms, and state-of-the-art developments. Dr. Jayaweera also introduces the specific type of CR that has gained the most research attention in recent years: the CR for Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA). Part II of the book, Theoretical Foundations, guides the reader from classical to modern theories on statistical signal processing and inference. The author addresses detection and estimation theory, power spectrum estimation, classification, adaptive algorithms (machine learning), and inference and decision processes. Applications to the signal processing, inference and learning problems encountered in cognitive radios are interspersed throughout with concrete and accessible examples. Part III of the book, Signal Processing in Radios, identifies the key signal processing, inference, and learning tasks to be performed by wideband autonomous cognitive radios. The author provides signal processing solutions to each task by relating the tasks to materials covered in Part II. Specialized chapters then discuss specific signal processing algorithms required for DSA and DSS cognitive radios.

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Автор: Janaka B. Ekanayake

Electric power systems worldwide face radical transformation with the need to decarbonise electricity supply, replace ageing assets and harness new information and communication technologies (ICT). The Smart Grid uses advanced ICT to control next generation power systems reliably and efficiently. This authoritative guide demonstrates the importance of the Smart Grid and shows how ICT will extend beyond transmission voltages to distribution networks and customer-level operation through Smart Meters and Smart Homes. Smart Grid Technology and Applications: Clearly unravels the evolving Smart Grid concept with extensive illustrations and practical examples. Describes the spectrum of key enabling technologies required for the realisation of the Smart Grid with worked examples to illustrate the applications. Enables readers to engage with the immediate development of the power system and take part in the debate over the future Smart Grid. Introduces the constituent topics from first principles, assuming only a basic knowledge of mathematics, circuits and power systems. Brings together the expertise of a highly experienced and international author team from the UK, Sri Lanka, China and Japan. Electrical, electronics and computer engineering researchers, practitioners and consultants working in inter-disciplinary Smart Grid RD&D will significantly enhance their knowledge through this reference. The tutorial style will greatly benefit final year undergraduate and master’s students as the curriculum increasing focuses on the breadth of technologies that contribute to Smart Grid realisation.

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Автор: Xinbo Ruan

Soft-switching PWM full-bridge converters have been widely used in medium-to-high power dc-dc conversions for topological simplicity, easy control and high efficiency. Early works on soft-switching PWM full-bridge converter by many researchers included various topologies and modulation strategies. However, these works were scattered, and the relationship among these topologies and modulation strategies had not been revealed. This book intends to describe systematically the soft-switching techniques for pulse-width modulation (PWM) full-bridge converters, including the topologies, control and design, and it reveals the relationship among the various topologies and PWM strategies previously proposed by other researchers. The book not only presents theoretical analysis, but also gives many detailed design examples of the converters.

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Автор: Группа авторов

The combination of heat pumps and solar components is a recent development and has great potential for improving the energy efficiency of house and hot water heating systems. As a consequence, it can enhance the energy footprint of a building substantially. This work compares different systems, analyses their performance and illustrates monitoring techniques. It helps the reader to design, simulate and assess solar and heat pump systems. Good examples of built systems are discussed in detail and advice is given on how to design the most efficient system. This book is the first one about this combination of components and presents the state of the art of this technology. It is based on a joint research project of two programmes of the International Energy Agency: the Solar Heating and Cooling Programme (SHC) and the Heat Pump Programme. More than 50 experts from 13 countries have participated in this research.

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Автор: Glen James

It's time to learn how to manage your money and understand investing In Sort Your Money Out: and Get Invested , former financial adviser and host of the my millennial money podcast Glen James shares a life-changing approach to the major milestones of your personal finances, such as dealing with debt, embracing a realistic spending plan that works, buying your first home, investing in shares and creating the plan you need for long-term financial success. You’ll get the accessible and friendly help you need to get smart with your money, and equip you with the skills and tools to understand and secure your financial future, invest in a property, in shares and in yourself. Written in a matter-of-fact style perfect for anyone who just wants to know what works for them, you’ll also learn about: Realistic ways to increase your income and help balance your budget The methods that lead to a safer, more stable financial future The smart way to invest in real estate and purchase a home or investment property How to understand the share market, ethical investing, and your superannuation Getting out of debt and getting the most out of your life Ideal for anyone trying to get a handle on their personal finances and get started building a portfolio, Sort Your Money Out is a one-of-a-kind must-read book filled with practical and entertaining financial help to make sense of an intimidating, but crucial, part of everyone’s lives.

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Автор: Ben Gold

When Speech and Audio Signal Processing published in 1999, it stood out from its competition in its breadth of coverage and its accessible, intutiont-based style. This book was aimed at individual students and engineers excited about the broad span of audio processing and curious to understand the available techniques. Since then, with the advent of the iPod in 2001, the field of digital audio and music has exploded, leading to a much greater interest in the technical aspects of audio processing. This Second Edition will update and revise the original book to augment it with new material describing both the enabling technologies of digital music distribution (most significantly the MP3) and a range of exciting new research areas in automatic music content processing (such as automatic transcription, music similarity, etc.) that have emerged in the past five years, driven by the digital music revolution. New chapter topics include: Psychoacoustic Audio Coding, describing MP3 and related audio coding schemes based on psychoacoustic masking of quantization noise Music Transcription, including automatically deriving notes, beats, and chords from music signals. Music Information Retrieval, primarily focusing on audio-based genre classification, artist/style identification, and similarity estimation. Audio Source Separation, including multi-microphone beamforming, blind source separation, and the perception-inspired techniques usually referred to as Computational Auditory Scene Analysis (CASA).

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Автор: Ulrike Kuhlmann

Dauerhaftigkeit ist die Zuverlassigkeit der Werkstoffe und Konstruktionen, wahrend der vorgesehenen Nutzungsdauer gegenuber Einwirkungen widerstandsfahig zu sein. Fur eine ausreichende Dauerhaftigkeit mussen viele Voraussetzungen erfullt sein, die entweder bei Planung und Fertigung eines Neubaus berucksichtigt werden mussen, oder die Unterhaltung und Uberwachung bestehender Tragwerke betreffen. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Dauerhaftigkeit fur die Industrietragwerke und die Brucken wegen der hohen Lebensdauern. Der Themenbogen spannt sich deshalb von der Werkstoffwahl uber Fragen der Konstruktion und Ermudung, Prufung und Bewertung im Bestand bis hin zum Korrosionsschutz. Hinsichtlich der Stahlsortenauswahl werden grundsatzliche Hinweise gegeben und die Regelungen in DIN EN 1993 Teil 1-10 erlautert. Mit Korrosionsschutz und Feuerverzinken befassen sich zwei Beitrage. Die richtige Bewertung von Altstahlkonstruktionen kann Ressourcen schonen. Ein klassisches Gebiet des Stahlbaus sind die Ingenieurtragwerke des Industriebaus. Daher befassen sich Beitrage uber Hallentragwerke und Kranbahnen, Schornsteine, Maste und Turme sowie Silos und Tanks mit aktuellen Entwicklungen und dem Stand der Technik. Die Erlauterungen zur neuen EU-BauPVO und dem neuen bauaufsichtlichen Konzept aus erster Hand sind dringend notig, denn es kommen die CE-Kennzeichnung von Bauprodukten sowie Marktuberwachungsbehorden und EU-Kommission anstelle der wohlbekannten Bauregelliste. Der Stahlbau-Kalender ist ein Wegweiser fur die richtige Berechnung und Konstruktion im gesamten Stahlbau, er dokumentiert und kommentiert verlasslich den aktuellen Stand der Stahlbau-Regelwerke. Zur bauaufsichtlichen Einfuhrung von Eurocode 3 werden seit der Ausgabe 2011 systematisch alle Teile der Norm mit ihren Nationalen Anhangen kommentiert.

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Автор: Sylvia L?ttgens

Verst?ndnis und Kontrolle statischer Elektrizit?t sind von elementarer Bedeutung in vielen Industriezweigen, in erster Linie mit Blick auf die potentiellen Gefahren. Daher sind die Erkennung und Vermeidung von Gefahren durch statische Aufladungen immer wichtiger geworden und haben die Entwicklung neuer und pr?ziser Messmethoden bef?rdert. Andererseits k?nnen statische Aufladungen auch nutzbringend eingesetzt werden. Vielf?ltige Anwendungen werden beschrieben. Statische Elektrizit?t ? Durchschauen ? ?berwachen ? Anwenden informiert zun?chst ?ber Brand- und Explosionsgefahren. Entstehung von Aufladung und daraus resultierende Entladungserscheinungen werden veranschaulicht. Ein gro?er Teil des Buches befasst sich mit Messtechnik, Vermeidung von Gefahren und St?rungen sowie Beseitigung unerw?nschter Aufladung. Fallstudien und Beschreibung von Demonstrationsexperimenten vermitteln den Bezug zur Praxis. Ohne Normen geht es nicht; auch dar?ber wird berichtet. Der stetig zunehmenden Anwendung statischer Elektrizit?t ist ein eigenes Kapitel ?ber den gezielten Einsatz von Aufladungen vorbehalten und soll die Kreativit?t der Leser anregen. Zu guter Letzt sind im Mathematischen Werkzeugkasten alle relevanten Formeln einsortiert. * Praxisperspektive: geschrieben von Autoren mit langj?hriger Forschungs- und Beratungserfahrung * Durchblick: Beschreibung von Demonstrationsexperimenten zur besseren Veranschaulichung * Fallstudien: aus den Fehlern Anderer lernen * Zusatzmaterial: kurze Videos zeigen die – teils drastischen – Auswirkungen statischer Aufladungen

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Автор: Houshang Karimi

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Автор: Ren? Smeets

Switching in Electrical Transmission and Distribution Systems presents the issues and technological solutions associated with switching in power systems, from medium to ultra-high voltage. The book systematically discusses the electrical aspects of switching, details the way load and fault currents are interrupted, the impact of fault currents, and compares switching equipment in particular circuit-breakers. The authors also explain all examples of practical switching phenomena by examining real measurements from switching tests. Other highlights include: up to date commentary on new developments in transmission and distribution technology such as ultra-high voltage systems, vacuum switchgear for high-voltage, generator circuit-breakers, distributed generation, DC-interruption, aspects of cable systems, disconnector switching, very fast transients, and circuit-breaker reliability studies. Key features: Summarises the issues and technological solutions associated with the switching of currents in transmission and distribution systems. Introduces and explains recent developments such as vacuum switchgear for transmission systems, SF6 environmental consequences and alternatives, and circuit-breaker testing. Provides practical guidance on how to deal with unacceptable switching transients. Details the worldwide IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standards on switching equipment, illustrating current circuit-breaker applications. Features many figures and tables originating from full-power tests and established training courses, or from measurements in real networks. Focuses on practical and application issues relevant to practicing engineers. Essential reading for electrical engineers, utility engineers, power system application engineers, consultants and power systems asset managers, postgraduates and final year power system undergraduates.

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Автор: Группа авторов

An effective and cost efficient protection of electronic system against ESD stress pulses specified by IEC 61000-4-2 is paramount for any system design. This pioneering book presents the collective knowledge of system designers and system testing experts and state-of-the-art techniques for achieving efficient system-level ESD protection, with minimum impact on the system performance. All categories of system failures ranging from 'hard' to 'soft' types are considered to review simulation and tool applications that can be used. The principal focus of System Level ESD Co-Design is defining and establishing the importance of co-design efforts from both IC supplier and system builder perspectives. ESD designers often face challenges in meeting customers' system-level ESD requirements and, therefore, a clear understanding of the techniques presented here will facilitate effective simulation approaches leading to better solutions without compromising system performance. With contributions from Robert Ashton, Jeffrey Dunnihoo, Micheal Hopkins, Pratik Maheshwari, David Pomerenke, Wolfgang Reinprecht, and Matti Usumaki, readers benefit from hands-on experience and in-depth knowledge in topics ranging from ESD design and the physics of system ESD phenomena to tools and techniques to address soft failures and strategies to design ESD-robust systems that include mobile and automotive applications. The first dedicated resource to system-level ESD co-design, this is an essential reference for industry ESD designers, system builders, IC suppliers and customers and also Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). Key features: Clarifies the concept of system level ESD protection. Introduces a co-design approach for ESD robust systems. Details soft and hard ESD fail mechanisms. Detailed protection strategies for both mobile and automotive applications. Explains simulation tools and methodology for system level ESD co-design and overviews available test methods and standards. Highlights economic benefits of system ESD co-design.

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Автор: Barbara Rockefeller

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Автор: Craig Roberts

This heavily illustrated text teaches parasitology from a biological perspective. It combines classical descriptive biology of parasites with modern cell and molecular biology approaches, and also addresses parasite evolution and ecology. Parasites found in mammals, non-mammalian vertebrates, and invertebrates are systematically treated, incorporating the latest knowledge about their cell and molecular biology. In doing so, it greatly extends classical parasitology textbooks and prepares the reader for a career in basic and applied parasitology.

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Автор: Группа авторов

A unique overview of the different kinds of chemical bonds that can be found in the periodic table, from the main-group elements to transition elements, lanthanides and actinides. It takes into account the many developments that have taken place in the field over the past few decades due to the rapid advances in quantum chemical models and faster computers. This is the perfect complement to «Chemical Bonding – Fundamentals and Models» by the same editors, who are two of the top scientists working on this topic, each with extensive experience and important connections within the community.

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Автор: Winfried Hoffmann

The world is at the crossroads of either quickly changing the energy picture towards implementing efficient renewable energy sources or postponing this process by another generation. Based on the author's more than 30 years industrial experience, this book gives a set of assumptions by extrapolating known technology developments and shows that 100% coverage by renewable technology of the global energy needs is much more probable than previously argued.

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